世界优秀男子跳远运动员大赛中竞的技能力表现特征的研究.docVIP

世界优秀男子跳远运动员大赛中竞的技能力表现特征的研究 　　摘要：本研究运用了文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，对1928年~2008年共17届奥运会男子跳远决赛运动员的各跳成绩、试跳情况与免跳情况等指标进行统计分析，力求揭示世界最高水平跳远运动员的竞技能力表现特征与规律，为我国跳远比赛、训练提供理论依据与数据支撑。研究表明：（1）奥运会男子跳远比赛最佳成绩跳次分布特征为：前三跳创造最佳成绩的比例高；除第六跳外，后三跳其余跳次创造最佳成绩的比例不高。（2）免跳分布特征为：89.3%的免跳分布于后三跳，10.7%的免跳分布于前三跳；冠军选手的免跳申请占总免跳申请的50.0%，且免跳申请集中分布在后三跳。（3）试跳成功率、犯规率分布特征为：前三跳成功率高于后三跳；犯规率反之。 　　关键词：男子；跳远；竞技能力；特征研究 　　中图分类号：G823.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-4590(2011)05-0086-04 　　Abstract: This thesis uses documentation method, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, etc to statistically study the results of all jumps, the status of trial jumps and passed jumps of all the players who made to men’s long jump final during the 17 Olympiads from 1928 to 2008. It is aimed at revealing the characteristics and patterns of the world’s top-level players’ athletics ability, as well as providing theoretical and data support for the cause of our long jump competition and training. The study shows: 1. The distribution features of best jump for the Olympics men’s long jump: the first 3 jumps have a high rate to create the best result; the 6th jump not counted, the other two jumps of the last 3 have a low rate to produce the best result.2. The distribution features of passed jump: 89.3% of passed jumps fall in the last 3 jumps and 10.7% in the first 3; the passed jump requests of champion players account for 50% of the total and concentrate on the last 3 jumps. 3. The distribution features of trial jump success rate and foul rate: The success rate of the first 3 trial jumps is higher than the last 3 and with foul rate it is the other way round. But there isn’t a marked difference between the first 3 jumps and the last 3 in terms of the two rates. 　　Key words: male； long jump； athletics ability； research on the characteristics 　　 　　1 问题的提出 　　 1.1 选题依据 　　 跳远是对最大速度和爆发力要求极高的一种快速力量性项目。在历届奥运会田径比赛中，跳远比赛均能成为吸引眼球的亮点项目之一。运动员竞技状态与运动竞赛成绩有着直接的联系，调整好运动员的竞技状态是取得比赛优异成绩的重要环节。在重大的比赛中，如何调整竞技状态并使运动员在大赛中充分展示最佳竞技能力，一直是广大教练员和运动员追求的目标，也是科研人员面临的前沿性课题。