超快光学-第04章-脉冲（二）.pptVIP

The rms pulse width The root-mean-squared width or rms width: Advantages: Integrals are often easy to do analytically. Disadvantages: It weights wings even more heavily, so it’s difficult to use for experiments, which cant scan to ± . t Dt The rms width is the normalized second-order moment. The Full-Width-Half-Maximum Full-width-half-maximum is the distance between the half-maximum points. Advantages: Experimentally easy. Disadvantages: It ignores satellite pulses with heights 49.99% of the peak! Also: we can define these widths in terms of f(t) or of its intensity, |f(t)|2. Define spectral widths (Dw) similarly in the frequency domain (t ? w). t DtFWHM 1 0.5 t DtFWHM The Uncertainty Principle The Uncertainty Principle says that the product of a functions widths in the time domain (Dt) and the frequency domain (Dw) has a minimum. Combining results: or: Use effective widths assuming f(t) and F(w) peak at 0: 1 Other width definitions yield slightly different numbers. For a given wave, the product of the time-domain width (Dt) and the frequency-domain width (Dn) is the Time-Bandwidth Product (TBP) Dn Dt o TBP A pulses TBP will always be greater than the theoretical minimum given by the Uncertainty Principle (for the appropriate width definition). The TBP is a measure of how complex a wave or pulse is. Even though every pulses time-domain and frequency-domain functions are related by the Fourier Transform, a wave whose TBP is the theoretical minimum is called Fourier-Transform Limited. The Time-Bandwidth Product The coherence time (tc = 1/Dn) indicates the smallest temporal structure of the pulse. In terms of the coherence time: TBP = Dn Dt = Dt / tc = about how many spikes are in the pulse A similar argument can be made in the frequency domain, where the TBP is the ratio of the spectral width to the width of the smallest spectral structure. The Time-Bandwidth Product is a measure of the pulse complexity. Dt tc