人教版英语高中必修四第三单元语法.pptVIP

一、-ing形式作表语 1.-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后， 用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或特征。如： Her hobby is painting. My job is looking after the children. The TV play is very interesting. The speech is inspiring. 2.下列表示“变成”、“保持”、“感觉”等意义的动词有系动词的特征， 可与某些现在分词构成主系表结构： come running get going/moving remain standing lie dying stand looking sit waiting 二、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式（动名词或现在分词）作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台 boring speech = speech that is boring a surprising result = a result that is surprising a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They will move into the building being built. = They lived in a room that is being built. The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其它部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 注意：分词完成式不能用作后置定语。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用定语从句。如果是被动结构，直接用过去分词。如： The boy who had broken the school rule was punished. The building completed at the end of last year cost 800 million yuan. 三、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. I found a bag lying on the ground. The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 2. 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转变为主语补足语。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result was found very satisfying. They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 3. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动