荒漠草原蝗虫营养生态位及种间食物竞争模型的研究应用生态学报.PDF

应 用 生 态 学 报 　1997 年 12 月 　第 8 卷 　第 6 期 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 CHIN ESE J OU RNAL OF A PPL IED ECOL O GY ,Dec . 1997 ,8 (6) ∶605～6 11 荒漠草原蝗虫营养生态位及种间 食物竞争模型的研究 ( 宁夏农学院农学系 ,永宁 750 105) 贺达汉 　 ( 陕西师范大学动物研究所 ,西安 7 10062) 郑哲民　 【摘要】　以宁夏荒漠草原 12 种蝗虫为对象 ,对荒漠草原蝗虫的营养生态位和种间食物竞 争模型进行了研究. 采用嗉囊内含物分析技术分析了 12 种蝗虫的取食特性和食物利用 谱 ,并根据嗉囊内含物的分析结果 ,定量研究了蝗虫的营养生态位重叠和宽度. 依据生态 位分化的特点 , 12 种蝗虫可划分为 4 个不同营养需求类群 :杂草取食者 、杂草禾草取食 者 、禾草杂草取食者 、禾草取食者. 通过蝗虫的取食频率 、生物量以及种群密度 ,提出了蝗 虫种间食物竞争力评估模型 ,对 12 种蝗虫种间食物竞争的作用力进行了讨论. 关键词 　草原蝗虫 　营养生态位 　食性选择 　竞争力评估 　草原生态系统 Trophic niche and interspecif ic f ood competitive model of grasshoppers in desert grassland. He Dahan ( N ingx ia A g ricult u ral College , Yong ning 750 105) and Zheng Zhemin ( S haanx i N or m al University , X ian 7 10062) . Chin . J . A pp l . Ecol . , 1997 ,8 (6) :605～6 11. The trop hic niche and intersp ecific food comp etitive model of 12 grasshopp er sp ecies in Ningxia desert grassland were studied . Microscopic examination of crop content s was used to analyze t he food preference and food utilization menu to determine t he overlap and breadt hs of trop hic nich es among t hese grasshopp er sp ecies. On t he basis of t he differentiation characteristics of ecologi cal niches ,t he 12 grasshopp er sp ecies were divided into 4 trop hicdemanded group s :forbivorous , mixed forbivorous , mixed graminivorous ,and mixotrop hicus sp ecies. A new model to evaluate t he intersp ecific food comp etition was proposed by combining feeding frequency , biomass and population density of grasshopp er ,and t he intersp ecific food comp etitive interactions among 12 grasshopp er sp ecies were discussed . Key Words 　 Grassland grasshopp er , Tropic niche , Food selection , Comp eti