水声通信技术综述-物理.PDF

水声物理专题 水声通信技术综述* 2014 －07 －24 收到 † email ：jianing@mail.ioa.ac.cn † 贾 宁 黄建纯 DOI：10.7693/w (中国科学院声学研究所 中国科学院水声环境特性重点实验室 北京 100190) An overview of underwater acoustic communications JIA Ning† HUANG Jian-Chun (Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Environment，Institute of Acoustics，Chinese Academy of Sciences ，Beijing 100190，China) 摘 要 受制于严重的衰减，电磁波在水中的传播距离非常有限，因此以声波为载 体的水声通信是在水下实现无线信息传输的主要方式。水声通信无论是在军事方面还是在民 用方面都有重要的作用，随着人类加快开发海洋的步伐，对水声通信技术的需求也变得越来 越迫切。文章对水声通信技术进行了综合介绍。首先介绍了水声通信的概念和意义，着重分 析了水声信道的特点以及水声通信面临的困难，然后对目前应用较多的几种典型水声通信技 术进行了介绍，最后对水声通信技术的发展方向进行了展望。 关键词 水声通信，水声信道 Abstract Due to severe attenuation, the transmission distance of electromagnetic waves is significantly limited in water. Hence, underwater acoustic communication has become the domi- nant approach for achieving wireless communication in the ocean. Underwater acoustic communi- cation is very important for both military and civilian usage, and with the speeding up of marine de- velopment, has seen an ever increasing demand. An overview of the challenges in underwater acoustic communications is presented in this paper. We introduce some basic concepts, emphasiz- ing the properties of underwater acoustic channels and current challenges. Then, several typical techniques are presented. To conclude, some future developments are described. Keywords underwater acoustic communications, acoustic channel 1 引言 收集到的数据，图像专家必须在其结束海底搜寻 任务浮上