1photosynthesis植物光合作用 课件复习课程.pptVIP

植物生理学 ;?;Reaction1.2: Oxygenic Phototsynthesis CO2+2H2O→(CH2O)+O2+H20 ; Reaction1.3:Photosynthetic sulfur reduction;1.1.2 In photosynthetic eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast, a specialized organelle ;Chloroplast, a double-membrane system, consist of an out envelope and inner envelope. The internal membrane system , known as the thylakoids, contains granal thylakoids and stroma thylakoids. The thylakoid membranes are all interconnected and enclose an internal space, the lumen. ;1.1.3 Photosynthesis requires the coordination of two phases: light reactions and carbon-linked reactions ;Light reactions: produce O2, ATP, and NADPH. Carbon reduction cycle: reduce CO2 to carbohydrate on consuming the ATP and NADPH. The conception that water oxidation and CO2 reduction were not obligately linked was first advanced in 1930s by Robert Hill . Reaction 1.4: Hill Reaction 2H2O+2A→O2+2H2A ;1.2 Light Absorption and energy conversion.? 1.2.1 Light is absorbed by pigment molecules.? Pigment→Pigment*;; number of products formed photochemically Equation 1.2.1: Quantum Yield Ф= ------------------------------------------------------- Number of quanta absorbed ;1.2.2????????? Almost all photosynthetic organisms contain chlorophyll or a related pigment.;Plants, Algae and Cyanobacteria: chlorophyll a or chlorophyll b. Anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria: bacteriochlorophyll a. Chlorophylls have a porphyrin ring structure that contains a central Mg atom coordinated to the four modified pyrrole rings. Chlorophyll molecules also contain a long hydrocarbon tail that makes the molecules hydrophobic. Various chlorophylls differ in their substituents around the ring structure. ? ;Biosynthesis of chlorophylls and hemes.;???????? 1.2.3 Carotenoids and xanthophylls parti