[批判性推理入门：设定论证逻辑课本形式].Setting.out.Arguments.Logic.Book.Sty.pdf

Critical Reasoning for Beginners: Three Marianne Talbot Department for Continuing Education University of Oxford Michaelmas 2009 1 Re-cap on last week: There are two basic types of argument: • deductive • inductive 2 Deductive arguments are such that…. …the truth of their premises makes the truth of their conclusion certain 3 Inductive arguments are such that… … the truth of their premises makes the truth of their conclusion more likely… …either much more likely… …or slightly more likely 4 We then looked at some examples of: – arguments that are deductively valid •  in virtue of their form •  in virtue of their content – inductive arguments 5 This week we will be learning how to identify and analyse arguments…. …how to set them out ‘logic book style’. 6 Here is an argument set out logic- book-style: Premise One: It is Friday Premise two: Marianne always wears jeans on Fridays Conclusion: Marianne is wearing jeans 7 The point of setting out arguments logic–book- style: 1.  It enables us to add suppressed premises 2.  it enables us to eliminate cross references, irrelevancies and inconsistent terms 3.  it makes it much easier to evaluate arguments