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围绝经期妇女焦虑症心理治疗的研究进展
围绝经期妇女焦虑症心理治疗的研究进展
摘 要 随着社会竞争日益激烈,妇女承受的生理、心理、社会压力越来越大,致使部分女性提早进入围绝经期,出现较为严重的围绝经期焦虑症。围绝经期焦虑症患病率较高,诊断率和治疗率均很低,临床更易误诊为器质性疾病,严重影响妇女的家庭生活和工作。因此,大力发展社区心理治疗,主动与区精神卫生中心合作,形成心理疾病防控网络,可更好地提高妇女在围绝经期的社会功能,促进社区妇女健康,推动社区围绝经期焦虑症心理治疗的迅速发展。
关键词 焦虑症 围绝经期 心理治疗
中图分类号:R473.71/R749.7+2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)04-0016-03
Research progress of the psychological treatment of the anxiety disorders of the women in the peri-menopausal period
ZHANG Li, WANG Caixia, LI Ping
(Pengpuxincun Community Health Service Center of Zhabei District, Shanghai 200435, China)
ABSTRACT Along with the social competition increasingly serious, the women bear more and more physical, psychological, and social pressures so as to cause some women to advance into the peri-menopausal period early, and appear the more serious peri-menopausal anxiety disorder. The prevalence of the peri-menopausal anxiety disorder is high, the rates of the diagnosis and treatment are low and it is more easily misdiagnosed as the organic disease, which seriously affects the family life and work quality of the women. Therefore, development of the community psychological treatment, active cooperation with the district mental health center and formation of a mental disease prevention and control network can improve the social function of the women in the peri-menopausal period better, promote the community women’s health and the rapid development of the community psychological treatment of the peri-menopausal anxiety disorder.
KEY WORDS anxiety disorder; peri-menopausal period; community; psychotherapy
随着时代的迅速发展,社会不断地进步,女性在社会中承担着多重角色,如妻子、母亲、女儿、职员。由于女性生理的特殊性,在经期、围产期、围绝经期时所承受的生理、心理、社会压力越来越大。在长期、多方面的压力堆积后致使部分女性提早进入围绝经期,出现较为严重的围绝经期焦虑症[1]。围绝经期患者的焦虑症状和躯体症状交织在一起,会使焦虑症的诊断和治疗变得复杂。围绝经期焦虑症在发病初期往往被忽视或误诊,不能得到及时治疗,有的甚至在起病几年后才被识别,即使在识别后,也常不能得到有效治疗 [2]。对于焦虑症临床多以药物治疗为主,忽视了心理方面的治疗[3-4]。本文综述围绝经期焦虑症患者的心理治疗。
1 围绝经期焦虑症
焦虑症是以焦虑情绪为主的神经症,是最常见的心理障碍之一,主要分为惊恐障碍(PD)和广泛性焦虑(GAD)[5]。围绝经期焦虑症属于广泛性焦虑,是指一种以缺乏明确对象和具体内容的提心吊胆及紧张不安为主的焦虑症,并有显著的植
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