考研资料：北京大学细胞生物学第五章物质的跨膜运输(下)-(精品课件).pptVIP

1.The mechanical-structural function of focal adhesion, which is carried out by actin filaments and associated proteins. 2. Signaling function from extracellular surface?nucleus (where they stimulate the transcription of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation), which is carried out by tyrosine kinase (Src and FAK) Controlling the assembly of focal adhesions Signal pathway that lead to the assembly of the fibers of a focal adhesion. Rho is involved in regulating the organization of the cell’s actin cytoskeleton. 5. Convergence, divergence, and crosstalk among different signaling pathway A. Convergence: Signals from a variety of unrelated receptors can converge to activate a common effector. B. Divergence: Signals from the same ligand can diverge to activate a variety of different effectors. C. Crosstalk: Signals can be passed back and forth between different pathways 6. In actual fact, signaling pathways in the cell are much more complex. THANKS! 谢谢！ B. Nitric oxide couples G protein-linked receptor stimulation in endothelial cells to relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels It has been known for many years that acetylcholine dilate blood vessels by causing their smooth muscles to relax. In 1980, Furchgott concluded that blood vessels are dilated because the endothelial cells produce a signal molecule that makes smooth muscle cells relax. In 1986 work by Furchgott and parallel work by Louis Ignarro identified NO as the signal that cause relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle. 1998, Received Nobel Prize The action of Nitric oxide on blood vessels The mechanism by which acetylcholine stimulation of the endothelial cells leads to smooth muscle relaxation also explains the mechanism of action of the chemical nitroglycerin. The drug sildenafil, sold under the trade name Viagra, is an inhibitor of a cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase that normally catalyzes the breakdown of cyclic GMP. The carbon monoxide(CO) acts as a cellular messenger to stimu