机器学习十大算法：Apriori.pdf

Chapter 4 Apriori Hiroshi Motoda and Kouzou Ohara Contents 4.1 Introduction 62 4.2 Algorithm Description 62 4.2.1 Mining Frequent Patterns and Association Rules 62 Apriori 63 AprioriTid 66 4.2.2 Mining Sequential Patterns 67 AprioriAll 68 4.2.3 Discussion 69 4.3 Discussion on Available Software Implementations 70 4.4 Two Illustrative Examples 71 4.4.1 Working Examples 71 Frequent Itemset and Association Rule Mining 71 Sequential Pattern Mining 75 4.4.2 Performance Evaluation 76 4.5 Advanced Topics 80 4.5.1 Improvement in Apriori-Type Frequent Pattern Mining 80 4.5.2 Frequent Pattern Mining Without Candidate Generation 81 4.5.3 Incremental Approach 82 4.5.4 Condensed Representation: Closed Patterns and Maximal Patterns 82 4.5.5 Quantitative Association Rules 84 4.5.6 Using Other Measure of Importance/Interestingness 84 4.5.7 Class Association Rules 85 4.5.8 Using Richer Expression: Sequences, Trees, and Graphs 86 4.6 Summary 87 4.7 Exercises 88 References 89 61 © 2009 by Taylor Francis Group, LLC 62 Apriori 4.1 Introduction Many of the pattern finding algorithms such as those for decision tree building, clas- sification rule induction, and data clustering that are frequently used in data mining have been developed in the machine learning research community. Frequent pattern and association rule mining is one of the few exceptions to this tradit