Command(命令)模式.docVIP

设计模式----Command(命令)模式 ? GoF：将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而使你可用不同的请求对客户进行参数华；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持克撤销的操作。 ? 在网上查找Command模式的相关资料，大多都是关于用户界面的。可能和GOF的先入为主有关系。在GoF的书中，四位作者举了个文本编辑器的例子。Command模式通过将请求本身变成一个对象来使工具箱对象可向未指定的应用对象提出请求。这个对象可被存储并像其他对象一样被传递。记得以前在《设计模式精解》的读书笔记中学习了几条经验，其中一条是：注意封装变化点。在Command模式中就是对变化点的典型封装。在Command模式中有一个关键的抽象类，一般人们命名为Command类。他定义了一个执行操作的接口。它有一个抽象的execute操作。具体的Command子类（继承自Command的具体类）将接收者（Receiver类）作为其一个事例变量，并实现execute操作，指定接收者采取的动作。而接收者有执行该请求所需要的具体信息。 ? 下面举个例子： ? 先定义关键的Command抽象类（这里也可以用接口）：package?Command;public?abstract?class?Command{????protected?Receiver?receiver;??????public?Command(Receiver?receiver)?????{?????????this.receiver?=?receiver;?????}//end?Command(...)????abstract?public?void?execute();????}//end?abstract?class?Command再继承一个具体类：package?Command;public?class?ConcreteCommand?extends?Command{????????public?ConcreteCommand(?Receiver?receiver?)????{????????super(receiver);????}//end?ConcreteCommand(...)?????public?void?execute()?????{?????????receiver.action();?????}//end?execute()}//end?class?ConcreteCommand定义一个Receiver类：package?Command;public?class?Receiver{????public?void?action()?????{?????????System.out.println(Receiver.Action());????}//end?Action()????}//end?class?Receiver定义一个Invoker类：package?Command;class?Invoker?{?????private?Command?command;?????public?void?setCommand(?Command?command?)?????{?????????mand?=?command;?????}//end?setCommand(...)????public?void?executeCommand()?????{?????????command.execute();?????}//end?executeCommand()????}//end?class?Invoker最后是调用：package?Command;public?class?CommandPattern{????Receiver?rceiver?=?new?Receiver();?????Command?command?=?new?ConcreteCommand(rceiver);?????Invoker?invoker?=?new?Invoker();????/**?Creates?a?new?instance?of?CommandPattern?*/????public?CommandPattern()????{????????????}//end?CommandPattern????????public?void?showCommandPattern()????{????????invoker.setCommand(command);????????invoker.executeCommand();????}//end?sh