侧风对公路行车安全影响的仿真分析与对策研究-交通运输工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 随着我国高等级公路建设的快速发展和车速的提高，人们对汽车的行驶稳定 性、安全性和舒适性提出了越来越高的要求。由于自然风的普遍存在，路面上行 驶车辆的气动特性经常会受到侧风的影响。汽车行驶速度较高时，若受到较高速 度的侧风作用，其行驶稳定性和乘坐舒适性都会显著降低，极端情况下还会使汽 车偏离正确的行驶路线甚至发生侧翻，导致严重的安全问题。为了减轻侧风对车 辆的影响，驾驶员需要连续调整方向盘或减小车速，这会导致驾驶员过度紧张、 过早疲劳而增加行车的危险性。研究侧风对高速行车稳定性的影响并提出保障对 策，对于提高侧风路段行车安全具有重要的实用价值。 本文以随机变化的阵风模型为模拟侧风，基于大小车市场占有率等情况确定 大车和小车的典型车型，应用动力学仿真软件 Trucksim 和 Carsim 分别构建了大 车与小车的车辆模型，考虑车辆行驶速度、风速、风向、载重量、质心高度、路 面摩擦系数等因素，对车辆在侧风环境下行驶进行了大量仿真实验与分析，并以 横向偏离量 0.5m 作为判断汽车在侧风环境下安全行驶的阈值，确定了不同风速 等级下的汽车安全行驶的速度值。根据不同风速等级对汽车的影响，对侧风影响 分为四个等级：Ⅰ级，安全；Ⅱ级，较安全；Ⅲ级，较危险；Ⅳ级，危险。针对 不同的危险等级采取不同的防风对策，以保障行车的安全。并构建了风速监测系 统和智能化信息发布系统，给出了系统运作流程，其实用性较强，为高速公路侧 风监测预警系统建设提供指导。本文有助于丰富公路行业对侧风影响行车安全的 研究。 关键词：侧风，行车稳定性，横向偏移，摩擦系数 I PAGE PAGE IV III III Abstract With the rapid development of Chinas highway and the speed of increase, people automobile driving stability, safety and comfort to the growing demand. Because of the prevalence of natural wind, the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle traveling on the road frequently affected crosswind. At higher vehicle speed, if subjected to high speed crosswind effect, the driving stability, handling characteristics and comfort will be significantly reduced, in extreme cases will make the car ride from the correct route and even rollover occurred serious security problems. In order to mitigate the effects of crosswinds, the driver needs to continuously adjust the steering wheel or reduce speed, which can lead to driver stress, premature fatigue and increase the risk of driving. Research crosswind influence and propose countermeasures to protect the safety of great practical value for improving the crosswind road traffic on high-speed driving stability. In this paper, random variations crosswind gusts as analog model to determine the size of carts and car-based truck models typical usage conditions, application dynamics simulation software Trucksim and Carsim carts and trolleys were constructed vehicle model, consider the vehicle speed, wind speed Factors wind, load, centroid h