产甲壳素酶的菌株筛选、发酵条件优化和酶学性质研究-生物工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 Screening of Chitinase-producing Bacteria strains, Fermentation and characterization of the chitinase Abstract Chitin, the second most abundant natural polymer, is consisting of β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine(NAG). Approximately ten billion are produced by biological every year. In spite of the great value of development, it is difficult to apply chitin for its characteristics. Hydrogen bonds are widespread in chitin, which makes it difficult for chitin to dissolve in acid, alkali and many kinds of organic solvent. Chitinase can catalyze breakage of β-1,4 glycosidic bond ，breaking chitin into NAG or oligosaccharide. Degradation of chitin can be simple in technology, environmental friendly in way of enzymolysis. With the purposes of screening and selecting an effectively chitinase-producing strain,a strain is isolated from the samples. The optimal compositions of the medium to produce chitinase are as follows: chitin powder 0.5%、yeast powder 2%、 (NH4)2SO4 1.00% ， K2HPO4 0.07%， KH2PO4 0.03%， NaCl 1% ， MgS04·7H2O 0.15%.The optimal cultivation conditions are 250ml flask containing 100mL medium，30℃ incubating temperature and shaking cultivation at 140r/min with pH 6.0. After procedure of centrifugal effect, the fermented liquid is extracted by ammonium sulfate and then the crude chitinase is produced. The optimal temperature for hydrolysis of chitinase is 45℃ and the optimal pH is 6. It remains activity if it is put at 25℃ to 45℃ or pH 5.5-7.5. The enzyme activity is slightly activated by Mg2+and Zn2+ ,and Cu2+、Fe3+、Fe2+、Ca2+ can inhibit the enzyme activity. This kind of chitinase can degrade chitin instead of starch and cellulose. Key words: Chitinase Fermentation conditions Enzyme characterization ii iii 目 录 摘 要 i HYPERLINK \l _bookmark0 Abstract ii HYPERLINK \l _bookmark1 目 录 iv HYPERLINK \l _bookmark2 第一章 文献综述 ......................................... 1 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark3 1 甲壳素 ..................