宁夏菜蓟族分类及革苞菊属植物调查研究.docVIP

北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院 调 查 报 告 题 目 宁夏菜蓟族分类及革苞菊属植物的调查研究 姓 名 葛翔力 学 号 专 业 生物科学 批次/层次 指导教师 周立彪 学习中心 工作单位 北方民族大学 目录 题目：宁夏菜蓟族分类及革苞菊属植物的调查研究 摘要：菜蓟族，菊科，草本或灌木，本族各属集中分布于欧洲、北非、亚洲大部分地区，特别是地中海地区和苏联中亚地区有较多的种属分布。全族约计76个属，我国41属，其中，宁夏有14属。革苞菊革苞菊，稀有种。多年生草本，仅分布于内蒙古局部地区海拔1000至1200米的荒漠地带，为强旱生植物。花期5至6月，本种为蒙古高原植物区系的特有种，对研究亚洲中部植物区系和菊科植物的系统发育有一定的科学意义，革苞菊是一个独立种。 关键字：菜蓟族、宁夏、革苞菊、强旱生植物 正文： 菜蓟族，菊科，草本或灌木，头状花序盘状，具同形两性能结实的管状花，有时有不结实的辐射状花；花药基部有尾，上端有附片；花柱不分支或有短分支，上端具稍膨大而被毛的节；总苞片多层；冠毛毛状、芒状或羽状。叶互生。 宁夏菜蓟族共计14属。 分属检索表 头状花序各具1朵小花，在紧密成球形的复头状花序；叶及总苞片有刺······························蓝刺头属Echinops L． 头状花序具多数小花，不成复头状花序·····················2 瘦果通常有平整的基部着生面·························3 瘦果有歪斜的基底着生面，或有侧面着生面···················10 瘦果通常被丝状密毛，顶端无边缘；冠毛多数为羽毛状；雌雄异株；苞叶羽状分裂····· ·······························苍术属Atractylodes DC. 瘦果无毛，顶端有边缘····························4 总苞片具钩状刺毛；冠毛分离，凋落；花药基部具毛状尾；叶无刺··················· ································牛蒡属Arctium L. 总苞片无钩状刺毛······························5 总苞片和叶有刺·······························6 总苞叶无刺；叶通常无刺或有短刺·······················9 花丝无毛··································7 花丝有微毛、长毛或羽状毛··························8 无地上茎；头状花序多数密集，花黄色··········黄缨菊属Xanthopappus C. Winkl. 具直立茎；头状花序疏散，花红色或紫红色············鳍蓟属Olgaea Iljin 冠毛为粗毛；总苞片上端无附属片················飞廉属Carduus L. 冠毛为羽状毛··························蓟属Cirsium Mill. 冠毛1层，由长羽状毛组成，或2层而外层由易散落的单毛、糙毛或具密的髯毛组成······························凤毛菊属Saussurea DC. 冠毛多层，短羽毛状，不等长，有少数特长的冠毛··········苓菊属Jurinea Cass. 总苞通常为具刺的苞叶所包围；花丝有毛；瘦果扁或有4棱；叶有刺·····························红蓝花属Carthamus Cass. 总苞片通常不为苞叶所包围；冠毛多层····················11 总苞片无明显的附片，顶端有微刺或无；花药下端尾部分离······························麻花头属Serratula L. 总苞片有膜质、干膜质、草质或具刺的附片··················12 总苞片有干膜质全缘或撕裂的附片······················13 总苞片有干膜质的上端或边缘睫毛状或繸状的附片········矢车菊属Centaurea L. 头状花序较小，直径1~2厘米；总苞片具干膜质全缘的附片·····························顶羽菊属Acroptilon Cass. 头状花序大，直