alcohols化学课件地道英语教学1.ppt

Anaerobic conditions Air is kept out of the reaction vessel. Home brewing & Wine making Air Lock containing sterilising solution The air lock allows carbon dioxide to escape while not allowing the air from the surrounding to enter. Thus, the solution is not contaminated by bacteria. Anaerobic conditons Free from bacterial action Uses of Alcohols Ethanol is the most common form of alcohol used. Production of alcoholic drinks from fermentation of carbohydrates (wine, beers) /Wines/how_wine_made.html Good organic solvent for many organic products that are insoluble in water Uses of Alcohols Ethanol is the most common form of alcohol used. Manufacture of perfumes (high volatility); sanitizers (antiseptic properties) As a fuel (from hydration of alkenes) * * Organic Chemistry ALCOHOLS 02 Introduction General formula: CnH2n+1OH Contains the hydroxyl (–OH) functional group Hydroxyl group ethanol C2H5OH methanol CH3OH Structural Formula Name Molecular Formula Nomenclature of Alcohols CH3CH2OH CH3OH Propan-2-ol Propan-1-ol C3H7OH Structural Formula Name Molecular Formula Nomenclature of Alcohols CH3CH(OH)CH3 CH3CH2CH2OH Structural Isomerism CH3CH(OH)CH3 CH3CH2CH2OH Propan-1-ol Propan-2-ol Isomerism due to position of functional grp Structural Isomerism Exercise 1: Draw all the possible isomers of alcohols with the molecular formula C4H9OH. Physical Properties Slightly soluble 118 Liquid Butanol Soluble 97 Liquid Propanol Very soluble 78 Liquid Ethanol Very soluble 65 Liquid Methanol Solubility in water Boiling Point (oC) Physical State Alcohol B.P. and M.P. increases as no. of carbon atoms increases. Physical Properties Slightly soluble 118 Liquid Butanol Soluble 97 Liquid Propanol Very soluble 78 Liquid Ethanol Very soluble 65 Liquid Methanol Solubility in water Boiling Point (oC) Physical State Alcohol Alcohols are soluble in water. Solubility decreases as no. of carbon atoms increases. Physical Properties -103 Gas Ethene -89 Gas Ethane 78 Liquid Ethanol Boilin