二氧化硅-聚丙烯腈核壳结构复合纳米微球的制备与表征-纳米纤维及杂化材料专业论文.docxVIP

剂的初始加入量，加快表面活性剂的补加速率，或降低反应温度，SiO2-PAN 复 合纳米微球的粒径变小。随着反应温度的降低以及交联剂的引入，SiO2-PAN 复 合纳米微球的表面变得平滑。将纳米 SiO2 种子的浓度提高到 4wt%，也可以成功 制备得到 SiO2-PAN 核-壳结构复合纳米微球。 以 SiO2-PAN 复合微球为种子，制备了 SiO2-PAN-PMMA 三层核壳结构复合 纳米微球，并对热处理的条件进行了初步的探索。结果表明：在预氧化、碳化过 程中，PMMA 壳层对复合微球起到了一定的保护作用。最终的碳化产物为核壳 结构的碳微球，仍有较严重的烧结团聚现象。 关键词：二氧化硅；聚丙烯腈；核壳结构；纳米微球；乳液聚合 II Preparation and Characterization of Silica-Polyacrylonitrile Core-Shell Composite Nanospheres ABSTRACT Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) are emerging as a new kind of carbon materials with great development and application potentials due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties, including chemical stability, thermal stability, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity and so on. Chemical vapor deposition, solvothermal, and template method can be used to prepare carbon nanospheres of various structures. However, it is very difficult to accurately control the size of carbon nanospheres and thus prepare mono-dispersed carbon nanospheres of high purity and size uniformity. It is an efficient way to obtain carbon nanospheres via thermal treatment of polymeric nanospheres precursors with controlled structure, size and morphology. In this paper, silica nanoparticles and acrylonitrile were used to prepare silica-polyacrylonitrile composite nanospheres via emulsion polymerization method. The influences of various reaction parameters on the particle size and morphology of SiO2-PAN composite nanospheres were studied. Silica nanoparticles were first prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol solution. The influence of the concentrations of ammonia, water and TEOS on the size of SiO2 nanoparticles was investigated. The results showed that the size of silica nanoparticles increased with increasing concentration of ammonia, water or TEOS. In order to strengthen the interaction of SiO2 nanoparticles and PAN, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate was used to modify silica nanoparticles, and double bond