二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热涂料有效热导率的影响因素研究-机械设计及理论专业论文.docx

二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热涂料有效热导率的影响因素研究 摘 要 以正硅酸乙酯为先驱体硅源，通过溶胶-凝胶法、雾化技术和乳液成球法制备二氧化 硅醇凝胶微球。采用三甲基氯硅烷改性纳米SiO2气凝胶，制备完全疏水的二氧化硅气凝 胶微球；采用有机硅溶剂3-氨丙基三羟基硅烷进行表面修饰改性，制备了内疏外亲的二 氧化硅气凝胶微球。将二氧化硅气凝胶微球与纯丙乳液制备成隔热涂料，并对其进行检 测。 当二氧化硅气凝胶微球体积分数小于25%时，气凝胶微球会形成团聚，导致隔热涂 料的热导率升高缓慢，当体积分数大于25%时，涂料内部的气孔越多，有助于降低热导 率；二氧化硅气凝胶微球密度减小，气凝胶的孔隙率升高，隔热性增强，因此密度的增 大将导致气凝胶隔热涂料热导率的下降；小粒径的二氧化硅气凝胶微球比表面积比大粒 径气凝胶微球的更大，与聚合物的接触面积更大，从而导致涂料中界面热阻的升高，降 低了涂料的热导率；经过三甲基氯硅烷处理后的二氧化硅气凝胶微球具有强烈的疏水特 性，与水性聚合物体系混合，界面相容性差，不利于进一步降低涂料的热导率，采用润 湿剂可改善二氧化硅气凝胶微球与聚合物的界面或直接添加内疏外亲二氧化硅气凝胶 的办法，可增加聚合物与气凝胶微球的界面相容性，有利于提高气凝胶微球在涂料中的 体积分数，从而降低涂料的热导率；与环氧树脂，纯丙乳液相比，苯丙乳液固化后的热 导率较低，同时苯丙乳液黏度较低，有利于二氧化硅气凝胶微球在涂料中的分散，从而 导致二氧化硅气凝胶与苯丙乳液混合后的隔热涂料的热导率较低；在涂料中添加质量分 数3%的滑石粉，钛白粉，有利于提高涂料的硬度和遮盖力，同时对涂料热导率的影响 较小；二氧化硅气凝胶隔热涂料表面光滑，色泽饱满，涂料硬度随气凝胶含量增加而上 升，附着力较常规隔热涂料更强，耐水性、耐热性好。 基于二氧化硅气凝胶微球在涂料中的含量，排布及涂料内部孔隙度的变化，提出了 一个较为准确的预测二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热涂料热导率变化的模型。 关键字：二氧化硅气凝胶微球；涂料；热导率；疏水；亲水；孔隙；模型 I II ABSTRACT Research on the influencing factors of the effective thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel coatings ABSTRACT The silica aerogel microspheres were prepared with TEOS as the precursor silica source, by the sol - gel method, atomization technology. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was used as the modifier to prepare the entirely hydrophobic silica aerogel microspheres and organic solvent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was used as the surface modifier to prepare internal hydhobic and outer hydrophilic silica aerogel microspheres. The thermal insulation coatings, which were prepared by mixing the silica aerogel microspheres and acrylic emulsion, were characterized. It was found that when the volme fractions of silica aerogel microspheres in the coatings was less than 25%, the aggregations of silica aerogel microspheres were generated which could retard the drop of the thermal conductivity. And when the volume fraction was beyond 25%, the pores appeeared in the coatings which helped reduce the thermal conductivities of the coatings. The porosity of silica aerogel decreased with the density, which means the rise