（毕业论文设计）-对热处理过程中变形及开裂问题（学术精品）.docVIP

职业学院 学号： 题目：对热处理过程中变形及开裂问题 学生姓名： 所学专业： 指导教师： 黑龙江农垦农业职业技术学院 年 月 日 目录 引言·············································1 1. 热处理变形及开裂的原因························2 1.1热应力及其引起的变形·······················2 1.2组织应力及其引起的变形·····················3 1.3温度是变形的关键因素·······················4 2. 影响开裂的因素································4 2.1钢的化学成分·······························4 2.2钢的淬透性·································5 2.3钢的原始组织·······························5 2.4淬火介质···································5 2.5零件的几何尺寸·····························6 2.6淬火的方法·································6 3. 减少变形及开裂的措施··························6 3.1合理的选用钢材·····························6 3.2合理的选择加热温度·························6 3.3合理锻造及预先热处理·······················6 3.4合理设计工件的结构尺寸·····················7 3.5采用合理的热处理工艺·······················7 3.6采用正确的淬火操作方法·····················7 3.7预备合理的加工余量·························8 3.8合理的安排工艺路线·························8 3.9修改技术要求·······························8 3.10按变形频率调节加工尺寸····················8 4.变形的其他影响因素及减小措施···················8 4.1合理的加热次序和冷却次序··················8 4.2预备热处理································9 4.3运用合理的冷却方法························9 4.4零件结构要合理····························9 4.5采用合理的装夹方式及夹具··················9 4.6 机械加工··································9 4.7采用合适的介质····························10 结束语···········································11 参考文献·········································12 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 3 引 言 变形是指零件在热处理时引起的形状和尺寸的偏差。变形是热处理较难解决的问题，要完全不变形时不可能的，一般是把变形量控制在一定范围内。超过变形量时，只能用校正法校正。开裂是绝对要避免的，因为开裂零件无法挽救，只能报废，这既浪费了材料与加工费用，又影响了生产，给国家造成损失。因此，分析研究金属热处理变形、开裂的原因，掌握其规律性，并找出减小变形、防止开裂的技术措施，具有十分重要的意义。 工业发展日新月异，对机械精度和性能的要求也越来越高。在工业零件生产中，热处理是必不可少的一部分，它对材料性能的影响非常大，金属热处理在改善材料各种性能的同时，热处理变形是不可避免的，并且会直接影响到工件的精度、强度、噪声和寿命，因此对于精度要求较高的零件要尽可能减小其变形量，