常见的现代食品化学研究进展 5次生代谢.pptVIP

Secondary Metabolites Primary Metabolite 指在植物、昆虫或微生物体内的生物细胞通过光合作用、碳水化合物代谢和柠檬酸代谢，生成生物体生产繁殖所必需的化合物，如糖类、氨基酸、脂肪酸、核酸及聚合衍生物、乙酰辅酶A等的代谢过程。 A primary metabolite is a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction. Conversely, a secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function Secondary Metabolites 是以某些初生代谢产物为起始原料，通过一系列特殊生物化学反应生成表面上看来似乎对生物本身无用的化合物，如萜类、甾体、生物碱、多酚类等，这些次生代谢产物就是常见的天然产物。 Examples include antibiotics and pigments such as resins and terpenes etc. Some antibiotics use primary metabolites as precursors, such as actinomycin（放射菌素） which is created from the primary metabolite。 Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in long-term impairment of the organism‘s survivability, fecundity（繁殖力）, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no significant change at all. Secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic（进化） group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavorings, and recreational drugs. Classification Alkaloids (生物碱) Terpenoids (萜类) Flavonoids (黄酮类) Natural phenols (天然酚类) Glycosides (甙) Coumarins (香豆素） Lignans（木脂素） Steroids (甾类) Saponins（皂苷） Polyacetylenes （多炔类） Synthetic pathways 重要性 用于药物、化妆品、调味品等。 黄酮：抗癌、抗衰老、食品添加剂； 萜类：柠檬烯做香精添加剂，人参皂苷抗肿瘤、抗 氧化等； 生物碱：咖啡碱排毒、消除疲劳等；香菇嘌呤降低 胆固醇等。 研究进展 研究扩展到天然产物化学、化学生态学、植物分类学等学科。 新型化合物不断发现，改造结构后可以进一步应用。 目前研究：有效、实用、简便的生产方法。 前景：对功能食品的研究有主要作用。 Flavonoids (黄酮类化合物) 黄酮（2-苯基苯并吡喃酮） 黄酮醇 They vary in the structure around the heterocyclic oxygen ring, but all have the characteristic C6 -C3 -C6 carbon skeleton. In general, all flavonoids are derivatives of the 2- phenylchromone parent compound composed of three phenolic rings referred to as A, B, and C rings (F