声学基础课件许肖梅fundamentalsofacoustics07-18.ppt

* Radiation of Sound (2) The Radiation of Point Sources Two point sources with same phase Consider two simple sources of equal strengths, separated by a distance d, vibrating with the same frequency and same phase. The pressure at a field point is the sum of the pressures produced by the individual sources. The pressure at point A due to source 1 is and that due to source 2 is Where r is the distance from the field point A to the midpoint between the sources. The acoustic pressure at (r , )is then Sound waves produced by tow point sources have pronounced directional effects known as the directivity of the source. Attention to the far field The Directivity of The Source The directivity pattern of a sound source is a graphical description of the response of a radiator as a function of the direction of the transmitted waves The Directivity Function Radiation of sound will be found equal to zero at certain angles from the maximum of the axial direction of the source, which is called the directivity acute angle. Beam width is defined as the angle at which sound pressure drops down to a certain value ( -6dB). The second maximum, called the side or minor lobe, is much weak than the first maximum. We discuss the directivity function of two point sources. When In these direction, We have two sound waves of same magnitude and phase , hence 1.When 2.When In these direction, we have two sound waves of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase with each other. 3.When We can obtain a polar plot of pressure( in dB) versus angular displacements as shown in the following Fig., which is the radiation pattern or directivity of this particular arrangement of two point sources. In general , the larger the extent of the radiator (here we mean the spacing between the sources), the sharper will be the major lobe and the greater the number of side lobes. The Simple Line Array Consider a line of N simple sources with adjacent elements spaced distance b apart, as shown in Fig. If al