定语从句--讲义(个人精心整理).doc

~ ~~~ 一．定语从句定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。???关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等； 关系副词有when,?where,?why等。??关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 关系代词 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom 人 宾语 The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 表语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. She is not the person that she used to be which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 备注 Who,whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who 关系副词 when 时间 状语 ?I?will?never?forget?the?days?when?we?spent?our?holidays?together. where 地点 状语 I?know?a?place?where?we?can?have?a?picnic why 原因 状语 This?is?the?reason?why?he?was?fired.?? 二．关系代词表格 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语） 三．6个关系代词的用法 1）关系代词that和which的用法 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. ▲但在有些情况下，只用 that 1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 ① This is the best way that has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 ① This is the last plac