英语完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图.doc

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 7 第四章 虚拟语气 （一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点： 从句（条件） 主句（目的） 表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were） If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 主语+would(should could might)+动词原型 表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句 If+主语+had+动词的过去分词 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. 主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 主语+would（could should might）+动词原型 错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。 She would have died without my help.。 条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。 例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it. 去if：Were she younger, she would do it. 2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him 3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思 谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. “In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气 （should）+动词原型 例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.The game will be put off in case it snows. （二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过