计算机图形学3D变换(精品·公开课件).ppt

4.3 3D transformations Translate(平移) transformations Rotate(旋转) transformations Scale(缩放) transformations Reflect(反射) transformations Shear(错切) transformations Composition(复合) of 2D transformations Translate transformation 与二维平移变换类似地使用齐次坐标表示为： Translate transformation Translate Scale transformation About origin Cont. About arbitrary point Cont. About arbitrary point Cont. About arbitrary point Cont. Rotate transformation Parameters: rotate axis, rotate angle 二维旋转变换是三维空间中绕Z轴的旋转 Rotate about X axis Rotate about Y axis Reflect transformation 是关于某直线或平面进行的 关于某个轴进行的反射变换等同于关于该轴做180度的旋转变换 For instance: about Z axis Cont. 当反射平面是坐标平面时，等同于进行左、右手坐标系的互换，相应变换矩阵是把第三维坐标值取反 For instance: about XOY plane Shear transformations Dependence axis: corresponding coordinate is remained Direction axis: corresponding coordinate is changed linearly Representations: Cont. Representation 变换的一般表达式是： Composition transformations For instance: rotating about arbitrary line Overlapping arbitrary line with Z axis Resolving a series of problems Reflect about an arbitrary symmetry line Reflect about an arbitrary symmetry plane Rotate about arbitrary line 旋转轴不与坐标轴重合时变换的实现： 经复合变换使旋转轴与某坐标轴重合 绕指定轴进行旋转变换 还原坐标系 Cont. （1）translate P1 to overlap origin Cont. Cont. Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Cont. (2)rotate about X axis to put the line on XOZ Transformation matrix Cont. (3) Rotate about Y axis to overlap the line with Z axis Cont. Cont. (4)recover the coordinate system The final transformation is: R(?)=T1-1·Rx (-?)·Ry (?) ·Rz(?)·Ry(-?)·Rx(?)·T1 Two methods of transformation Coordinate system fixed, Graphics changed Graphics fixed, Coordinate system changed new coordinate system is saw