英文 第五 老年性骨质疏松症.pptVIP

Definition Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by Low bone mass Microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, Leading to increased bone fragility And greater susceptibility to fracture Remodeling (骨重建过程) Mechanism of bone remodeling. Hormonal control of bone resorption. Osteoporosis often starts silently and may not be found until a bone fractures. Fragility fracture is a type of pathologic fracture that occurs as result of normal activities, such as a fall from standing height or less ( the National Osteoporosis Foundation ,NOF) 1.5 million fractures occur each year in US as a consequence of osteoporosis 700,000 vertebral crush fracutres 300,000 hip fractures 250.000 wrist fractures 300,000 other fractures Pain Only 25-30% of vertebral compression fractures present with sudden onset back pain Chronic pain Loss of height , Humpback kyphosis（humpback） Kyphosis is more severe with age 24 Vertebral body Vertebral body height 2 cm Short 2mm，total 3-6cm Fractures Fractures are the most dangerous aspect of osteoporosis Multiple vertebral fractures lead to a stooped posture, loss of height, and chronic pain with resultant reduction in mobility Hip fracture, in particular, usually requires prompt surgery, as there are serious risks associated with a hip fracture, such as deep vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism, and increased mortality. Thoracic fracture are associated with restrictive lung diseases Lumbar fracture are associated with abdominal symptom including distension ,early satiety and constipation Bone mineral density（骨密度测定） Measurement of bone mass Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA, 双能X线吸收法） The gold standard for measuring bone density Measurements of any site Clinical determinations are made of the spine and hip Bone spurs ,which are frequently in osteoarthritis ,tend