弗斯语言学理论FirthsTheory.pptVIP

Social situations determine the social roles Since the total number of typical contexts of situation is finite, the total number of social roles is also finite(有限的） * “ ” “ ” Firth’s theory 弗斯理论 By 林畅，冯蓉，王楚 * The London School Malinowski influence Firth influence Halliday * Essence of language A social process A means of social life A set of agreed-upon semiotics and signs.(一套约定俗成的符号） * Firth： Language is a means of doing things and of making others do things. It is a means of acting and living * Is language wholly inborn or utterly acquired Both inborn and required ---Firth * Object, Goal, and Method of study of linguistics Object --- language in actual use Goal --- to analyze meaningful elements of language in order to establish corresponding relations between linguistic and non-linguistic elements. 把语言中有意义的成分分析出来，以便建立语言因素和非语言因素之间的关系 * Method --- to decide on the composite elements of language, explain their relations on various levels, and ultimately explicate the internal relations between these elements and human activities in eh environment of language use. 确定语言活动的组成部分，解释他们在各个层次上的关系，以及他们之间的相互关系，最终指出这些成分与所处环境中的人类活动之间的内在联系 * Linguistic study Sociological study Integrate Linguistics can help reveal the social nature of human beings. * Meaning Meaning is use. Meaning is the relationship between an element at any level and its context on that level. 各个层次上的成分与语境的关系 * Five parts of the meaning of any sentence 1, The relationship of each phoneme to its phonological context. 每个音素与其语音环境的关系 (phonological 语音层) * 2, The relationship of each lexical item to the others in the sentence. 每个词项与句子中其他词项之间的关系 Lexical and semantic 词汇和语义层 * 3, The morphological relations of each word. 每个词的形态关系 Morphological 形态层 * 4, The sentence type of which the given sentence is an example. Syntactic 句法层 * 5, The relationship of the sentence to its context situation. Context of situation 情境层 * “Typical Contex