《大型商场的层载货电梯的PLC控制系统的设计》-毕业学术论文设计.docVIP

摘 要 随着现代社会的不断发展，人口日益激增，人们对于土地的需求也日益紧张，这也使得高层建筑如雨后春笋般出现，因此，电梯逐渐成为人们不可或缺的一种运载工具。从控制系统的实现方法来看，电梯的控制系统经历了继电器电梯控制，可编程序控制，单片微机控制，多微机控制等多种形式，这些控制方式为代表的电梯控制系统代表了不同时期电梯控制系统的主流，并随着大规模集成电路和计算机技术的发展而推陈出新，这新控制系统在目前电梯的电梯控制系统中仍有使用。继电器电梯控制系统是我国80年代最广泛使用的一种电梯控制方式，具有电梯逻辑线路简单，直接，易于理解和掌握的优点，但是一方面由于该类系统由众多继电器构成，使用一段时间后触点往往接触不良，所以故障率较高；另一方面，众多继电器，接触器噪声较大，整个控制柜体积也很大；由于继电器接触器动作时带有惯性，使得存在机械和电磁惯性的影响。而新兴的PLC代替继电器而构成的电梯控制系统开始大量涌现。和传统及电气控制系统相比具有编程简单，使用维护方便，设计和调试周期短，抗干扰能力强，可靠性高，故障率低等优点，从而备受人们瞩目，在电梯控制系统中得到了广泛的使用。 本论文为大型商场的层载货电梯的PLC控制系统的设计。由于载货电梯运输对象主要为货物，因此电梯对于其调速方式和安全系统并无太高要求。本设计中载货电梯调速方式采用交流双速电机作为驱动系统。选用他的原因有二：一是，载货电梯对于电梯调速舒适性无太高要求；二是，变频器价格偏高，成本昂贵。综合以上原因采用上述调速方式。 关键字：可编程控制器；电梯控制；交流双速；载货电梯  Abstract With the development of modern society and the increasing population of human beings, the demand for land are soaring sharp and the skyscraper are springing up. According to the reasons above, it makes the elevator become an vital transportation which nothing can never displace of. The control system of lifts has got through three periods: the relay control system ,the PLC control system, the micro-computer control system. Each one takes a domain position at a particular time. The relay control system was widely used during 1980s in our country. Although its circuits are clear and easy to get access to it, the control system has its disadvantages which limit its continuous development.One example is that the control system would be easy to lose its effects because of the frequencies of its using.Another example is that it would cause noises and need big control boxes. Because of its shortages,it seems that PLC control system’s appearances would be no coincidence.Compared to the traditional relay control system ,it has the advantages of being easy to coding ,low maintenance fee,short period of designing and debugging ,strong anti-jamming capability,low failure rate,high reliability,,which make it very popular. The thesis is mainly designed for the PLC control system of a four-floor building of a s