机械工程施工英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦、陈统坚主编).doc

机械工程英语第二版第二部分翻译 Unit 1 Introduction前言 The central and essential ingredient of GAD/CAM is the digital computer.〔1〕Its inherent speed and storage capacity have made it possible to achieve the advances in image processing, real-time process control, and a multitude of other important functions that are simply too complex and time-consuming to perform manually. To understand CAD/CAM it is important to be familiar with the concepts and technology of the digital computer CAD/CAM的重要组成部分是数字计算机，它固有的速度以及存储能力似的它能够在图像处理，实时过程控制以及很多因太复杂太费时而人工无法完成的其他重要功能方面获得进步，要想懂得CAD/CAM，熟悉数字电脑的概念和技术是很重要的. The modern digital computer is an electronic machine that can perform mathematical and logical calculations and data processing functions in accordance with a predetermined program of instructions. The computer itself is referred to as hardware, whereas the various programs are referred to as software. 现在数字计算机是一部能够根据预定的程序来完成数字和逻辑运算以及数据处理功能的电子设备，计算机本身称为硬件，而各种各样的程序称为软件 There are three basic hardware components of a general-purpose digital computer; 一般用途的数字计算机由三种基本硬件组成 .Central processing unit (CPU) 微处理器 .Memory存储器 .Input/output ( I/0 )section输入/输出设备 The relationship of these three components is illustrated in Fig. 1.1. The central processing unit is often considered to consist of two subsections; a control unit and an arithmetic-logic unit (ALU). 这三个组成部分的关系如图1.1所示，中央处理器通常被认为包含两部分:一个控制器和一个运算器.The control unit coordinates the operations of all the other components. 控制器控制所有其他组成部分的运输。It controls the input and output of information between the computer and the outside world through the I/O section, synchronizes the transference of signals between the various sections of the computer, and commands the other sections in the performance of their functions.它通过输入/输出端口控制电脑与外围设备之间信息的输入与输出、控制电脑各部分间信号的传输，同时也控制其他部分完成各自的功能。 The arithmetic-logic unit carries out the arithmetic and logic manipulations of data. 运算器完成数据的算术和逻辑运算。 It adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and compares numbers according to program