introduction to management—ch07讲义教材.ppt

Fundamentals of effective management Chapter 7 Levels of Management Top management– long-run strategic objectives Middle management– middle or short-term decision Supervisory (first-line) management– day to day production process Exhibit 7.1 7.2 Functions of Managers Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Planning Mission Strategic plan Tactical plan Operational plan (policies, procedures) Contingency plan Mission Mission- describes the organization’s basic function in society, in terms of the products and services it produces for its client (Mintzberg) Mission Statement--- a description of a firm’s primary goal Mission Four elements: Purpose---why does the business exit and for whom (eg. shareholders) Strategy--- provides the operational logic (what do we do? How do we do it?) Policies and standards of behavior – influence what people actually do and how they behave: “炮制虽繁却不敢省人工，品位虽贵却不敢减物力” --- 同仁堂 Mission Values--- what the business believes to be important: that is, its principle and culture 同仁堂：“同修仁德，济世养生”; “修合无人见，寸心有天知”。 海尔：“真诚到永远” “全心全意小天鹅” Strategic plan Identify a firm’s main business focus on a long-term period (3-5 years) More detailed than the mission statements and describes in general terms how the firm’s mission is to be achieved Goals and strategies used to satisfy the firm’s mission strategy: a course of action to achieve specific objective Tactical Planning Smaller – scale plans (1-2 years) that are consistent with the firm’s strategic plan Short-term plan High-level managers also involve in Assess economic condition, the demand for various products, the level of competition Continuously initiate additional tactical plans in accordance with the strategic plan Operational planning Establishes the methods to be used in the near future to achieve the tactical plan Dependent on long-term goals Policies---prevent employees from conducting tasks in a manner that is inefficient , dangerous, or illegal Procedures– steps necessary t