定语从句状语从都属于修饰语成分定语从句用来修饰.docVIP

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定语从句状语从都属于修饰语成分定语从句用来修饰.doc

定语从句状语从都属于修饰语成分定语从句用来修饰

定语从句和状语从句都属于修饰语成分,定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,状语从句用来修饰动词或全句。引导定语从句的关联词是关系代词或关系副词。 23.1? 定语从句 定语从句用来对名词或代词进行修饰,它由关系代词或关系副词引导,其中的关系代词或关系副词在从句中也充当一定的成分。例如: the man who never gives up? 永不放弃的人?????????? (关系代词who做从句中的主语) the house where he used to live? 他过去住过的房子????? (关系副词where做从句中的状语) 粗体部分分别是由who和where引导的从句,用来修饰名词the man和the house,称为定语从句。被它所修饰的那个名词the man和the house叫做先行词,定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后。又例如: The boy who visited me was one of my students. ?看我的那个孩子是我的一个学生。(先行词为人) A plane is a machine that can fly. ?飞机是会飞的机器。(先行词为物) Do you remember the day when he arrived? ?你记得他到达的日子吗?(先行词为时间) He lives in a place where no one can find it. ?他住在一个别人找不到的地方。(先行词为地点) 23.1.1? 关系代词的使用 关系代词的使用首先取决于先行词是人还是物。它一方面用来引导定语从句,另一方面还在从句中充当一定的成分。先请看这张表: 先行词种类 在 从 句 中 所 担 任 的 成 分 做主语 做宾语 做表语 做定语 先行词为人时 who / that who(m) / that that whose 先行词为物时 which / that which / that that / of which whose ⑴ 关系代词在从句中做主语,例如: This is the man who / that wants to see you. ?这就是那个想见你的人。 The girls who / that are coming are my students. ?那些要来的孩子是我的学生。 She was not on the train which / that arrived just now.? 她不在刚到的那列火车上。 说明:定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致。 ⑵ 关系代词在从句中做宾语,例如: The boy (who / whom / that) I know studies best in their class. ?我认识的那个孩子在他们班上学习最好。 Are they the players (who / whom / that) you talked about yesterday? ?他们就是你昨天谈论的运动员吗? The story (which / that) he told was very interesting. ?他讲的故事非常有趣。 说明:关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略,尤其在口语中是如此。 ⑶ 关系代词在从句中做表语,例如: She decided to be the writer (that) her mother wanted her to be. ?她决定做她母亲希望她做的那样的作家。 The house is not the one (that) it used to be. ?那座房子已经不是它过去那样了。 说明:关系代词在从句中做表语时可以省略。 ⑷ 关系代词在从句中做名词的定语,例如: He is the man whose car was stolen. ?他就是那个汽车被盗的人。 The house whose / of which windows are big looks very beautiful. ?那座窗户很大的房子外观很美。 说明:指物时,通常避免用whose,而用of which(尤其在正式场合中)。 ⑸ 在以下情况中,关系代词常用that,例如: ① 先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。例如: Nothing (that) he said was true at all. ?他所说的话一点也不真实。 Everyone that / who knows him likes him. ?每一个认识他的人都喜欢他。 ② 先行词前有first, last, next, only, all等修饰语

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