【名校推荐】专题10 世界与环境-五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 Word版含解析.docVIP

高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家 ……………………………………………………………名校名师推荐………………………………………………… PAGE 欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 PAGE 1 高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家 欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 专题10世界与环境 “世界与环境”是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话 题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活 息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生 多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。?是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达 的形式考查。 历年高考试题中与“世界与环境”相关话题的试题很多。因此要密切关注该话题的相关试题，尤其是阅读理解类试题。 Passage 1（2018年·北京卷） 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 大蜡螟为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径 365 ★★★☆☆ 7分钟 Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she find