英语《英语句子成分及基本结构》.pptVIP

英语句子成分及基本结构 （一）句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）句子的具体成分 主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 1? The room is very clean. （名词） 2 We often speak English . （代词） 3 Eight is my lucky number. （数词） 4?To teach them English is my job.=Its my job to teach them English. （不定式） ?5 Swimming is good for our health. (动名词） 谓语(predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： ?1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.?2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He can speak English. 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, turn ,look, sound, seem等）之后。 1 I am a teacher. （名词） 2 I am ten. （数词） 3 He became rich and successful. （形容词）? 4 Everyone is here. （副词） 5 They are at home now. （ 介词短语） 6 My job is to teach them English. （不定式）? 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词后 面。 1 He is playing the piano.（名词）?2 He often helps me.（代词）?3 He likes to watch TV. 4 He likes watching TV. 宾语补足语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达对的意思相当于一个句子的意思。 1 We called him Dongming.（名词）2 We saw him playing soccer.（现在分词） 3 We saw him play soccer. (不定式)4 We found math difficult.（形容词） 5 Mom makes me studying all day. （现在分词） 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： 1 She is a beautiful city.（形容词）?2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代词）（名词） 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介词短语） 4 I have something to say.( 不定式） 状语(adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： 1?Tom runs quickly.（副词） 2 Tom did it carefully.（副词） 3 Tom is very tall. (程度副词） 4 I get up at six every day.?5 I play soccer very well. 状语种类如下 1 ?We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.（地点状语）（时间状语）2 She didn’t go to the party because of the rain.（原因状语）3 Mr Smith lives in America.（地点状语）4 ?In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）5 ?He was so tired that he fell asleep