刑案治安斑点图系统与应用之研究-JITASJournalofInformation.PDF

刑案治安斑點圖系統與應用之研究 95 刑案治安斑點圖系統與應用之研究 Establishment and Application For Criminal Cases Geographic Information Systems 蔣叔君 中央警察大學資訊管理研究所 im883073@bach.im.cpu.edu.tw 摘 要 「連日來高雄地區陸續發生機車搶案」、「又一夜歸女子慘遭狼吻-中山之狼」；以往 每當刑案發生時，偵辦員警僅能利用報案人所提供的資料、犯案現場所留下的蛛絲馬 跡、及一些過去的經驗來偵辦案件。然而某些案類的刑案發生，經常與地域性質有極大 的關連性；因此除了透過電腦快速處理資料，分析過去相關的刑案犯罪紀錄，以協助偵 辦員警取得資料，並將刑案的犯罪地點分類標示於地圖上，應用地理資訊系統(Geographic 破上，均有極大的助益。 刑事警察局為建立全國性地理資訊系統(GIS)，以各縣市警察局及分局轄區為單位， 以各類刑案發生之地點產生治安斑點圖，其主要功能為結合刑案發生地點與電子地圖， 以產生治安狀況趨勢與擴散分析資料，提供做為勤務規劃及犯罪預防、偵查規劃之重要 參考依據，並與 GPS 共同作業，達到車輛定位之目的。本文研究重點在於利用統計觀 點分析刑案斑點圖顯示之正確性和犯罪案件分佈區域之模式探討。 Abstract 「Serial motorcycle robberies happened in Kaohsiung in recent days 」,「Another innocent girl raped by a rapist nickname Wolf of Zhung-Shan 」. When criminal case happened, investigators could hanndle a case only by the data supply by reporters, rare clues in criminal scene, and some old experiences. However some types of criminal cases happened highly related to the characters of the regions. So except quickly processing data by computer can help the investigator police obtain data, analysing the related criminal records and marking the classfied criminal locations in the maps using the presentation function of geographic information system can show the characters of the regions more quickly. We believe that it will benefit a lot in crime prevention and cases breaking. Criminal Investigation Bureau estabilished nation-wide geographic information system (GIS) to provide secure map including the various types of the criminal-case locations. The major function of this system combines the locations of criminal