医学生理学4(精品·公开课件).pptVIP

20℃ 35℃ the rectal T. 36.9 - 37.9 ℃ the oral T. 36.7 - 37.7 ℃ the axillary T. 36.0 - 37.4 ℃ 2. Normal body temperature 3. Factors affecting normal body temperature Diurnal variations: circadian rhythm suprachiasmatic nucleus ( 视交叉上核 ) biological clock Age and Sex Curve of basal body temperature in the menstrual cycle of female Muscle contraction Others Acclimatization 服习 the follicular phase the luteal phase Ⅱ. Heat Production and Heat Loss of the Body Basal metabolism Muscle activity Specific dynamic action of food Radiation Conduction Convection Evaporation Body heat equipoise Heat production Heat loss Principal organs of heat production in rest: visceral organs, skeletal muscle in activity: skeletal muscle Ways of heat production shivering thermogenesis 1. Heat production Origin of heat basal metabolism, muscle activity specific dynamic action of food non-shivering thermogenesis: brown fat 2. Heat loss Ways of heat loss: skin, expiration, feces Most important position (the major organ) of heat loss: skin Methods of heat loss: radiation conduction convection evaporation Heat loss: evaporation the only way of heat loss at very high air temperature Environmental T.≥ Skin T. evaporation Skin T.＞Environmental T. radiation conduction convection Heat loss loss a large amount of heat radiation (60%) conduction (3%) convection (15%) evaporation (22%) ( 21℃ ) 1) Radiation: Heat loss by radiation means loss of heat in the infrared heat rays. Factors affecting radiation: skin T- environmental T effective radiation area of the body surface 2) Conduction: Heat loss by direct conduction from the surface of the body to contact objects. Factors affecting conduction: skin T- environmental T heat conduction character of the object: cotton, fat, water, iron In