大学毕业生心理弹性、自我分化与就业焦虑的关系研究-应用心理学专业论文.docx

摘 要 为了探讨在就业情境下，大学毕业生的心理弹性、自我分化和就业焦虑的特点及关 系。本研究在参考前人研究的基础上编制了中国文化背景下的大学毕业生就业焦虑问 卷，考察了大学毕业生心理弹性、自我分化和就业焦虑的关系，并进一步考察了大学毕 业生自我分化在心理弹性和就业焦虑之间的中介作用。通过对 460 名大学毕业生的问卷 调查分析，得出以下结论： （一）通过开放式问卷、深度访谈、预试、正式施测等步骤，自编的大学毕业生就 业焦虑问卷包括三个维度：就业焦虑的生理反应、就业自信不足和未来工作紧张。该问 卷的理论模型拟合良好，信度和效度都达到了心理测量学的要求，可以作为测量大学毕 业生就业焦虑的有效测量工具。 （二）大学毕业生就业焦虑水平在毕业意向、是否接受过就业指导变量上呈显著差 异；就业焦虑生理反应在毕业意向、是否接受过就业指导和兼职经历这些变量上呈显著 差异；就业自信不足在学校类别、是否担任过学生干部、是否接受过就业指导和兼职经 历这些变量上呈显著差异；未来工作紧张在生源地、学校类别、毕业意向和兼职经历上 呈显著差异。 （三）相关分析表明大学毕业生心理弹性与就业焦虑显著负相关，自我分化与就业 焦虑呈显著负相关，心理弹性与自我分化成显著正相关。 （四）大学毕业生自我分化在心理弹性和就业焦虑之间起完全中介作用，即心理弹 性通过自我分化影响就业焦虑。 关键词：心理弹性，自我分化，就业焦虑 I Abstract In order to research the characteristics and relationships between the resilience 、 self differentiation and job anxieties among college graduates. This study has made a questionnaire on the job anxieties of college graduates under Chinese cultural background, with reference to former researches. This study investigated the relationship among college graduates’ resilience、self differentiation and job anxieties. This study further investigated the mediating effect of college graduates’ self differentiation between their resilience and job anxieties. Through the investigation and analysis of questionnaires for 460 college graduates, this paper has reached conclusions as follows: （1）Through open questionnaires, deep interviews, reexaminations, formal tests, etc. steps, the questionnaire on the job anxieties of college graduates include three dimensions: employment anxiety physiology reaction and employment self-confidence deficiencies and future work nervous. The theoretical model fitting of these questionnaires is good, and the reliability and validity both achieve psychometric requirements. So they can be regarded as the effective measuring tool to test the anxiety of obtaining employment among college graduates. （2）The following factors have significant effect on the job anxieties among college graduates: graduation intention and received employment guidance or not;