《生理学》CHAPTER II ENRINE SYSTEM-2培训资料.pptVIP

Section 3 Thyroid Gland;Thyroid Hormones( TH);Synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones ;Synthesis and secretion of TH include 4 stages;transport of iodine including 2 steps ;Na+-I- pump requires energy provided by Na+-K+-ATPase ATP →Na+-K+-ATPase activity↑→ extracellular Na+↑ →Na+ diffuse inside↑ →Iˉ transported by Na+-Iˉ pump↑ (I iodine: 2 Na+-contransport,协同转运);②Some ions: ClO4ˉ,SCNˉ,NO3ˉ: to compete against Iˉ transport ③TSH: to stimulate and hypophysectomy greatly diminishes the activity of iodide pump. -131I be used to test ability of iodide trapping and function of thyroid gland;(2) Iodide oxidation and iodination tyrosine;②The oxidized iodine binds with tyrosine residues(残基) of TG. This process is called iodination of tyrosis Tyrosine is first iodized to form monoiodotyrosine(MIT，一碘甲腺原氨酸)，then to diiodotyrosine(DIT,二碘甲腺原氨酸);（3）Condensation of the iodotyrosine(碘化酪氨酸得缩合);Percentage of thyroid hormones MIT 23%, DIT 33%, T3 7%, T4 35% rT3 and other elements 2% Storage of thyroid hormones Iodinated thyroglobulin stored in the lumen as part of the colloid 1 molecule of TG contains 6 molecules MIT, 5 DIT, up to 30 T4 and a few T3 (Fig 11-16);(4) Release of thyroid hormone hormones;MIT and DIT -----deiodinase--- Iˉand tyrosine → recycling for formation of TH Congenital absence of iodotyrosine deiodinase(碘化酪氨酸脱碘酶) leads to iodine-deficiency Daily rate of secretion of T4 and T3 T4 80μg/day, T3 4μg/day Among TH, 93% is T4, 7% T3 About one half of T4→T3;2 Transport and degradation of TH;degradation of TH Sites of degradation: Live, kidney, skeletal muscles Deiodination is the main manner for T4 and T3 80% of T4 occurs deiodination in peripheral tissue, among them, 45% of T4 is deiodinated to form T3 by 5’-deiodinase;Whether T4 is to form T3 or r-T3 depends on the physiological state 87% of T3 in the blood is from the deiodinated T4 the biological effect of T3 is 5 times than T4 15% T4 and T3 combine with glucuronic acid or sulfate→ into bile→ small intestine→