- 1
- 0
- 约8.05千字
- 约 95页
- 2018-12-04 发布于湖北
- 举报
第二章真核微生物的形态,结构和功能95_ppt课件
Chapter 2
Morphology,structure and physiological function of eukaryotes
;;;;membrane;;“菌物界’’这个名词是我国学者裘维蕃等于1990年提出的,并已·得到学术界的一定支持,这是指与动物界、植物界相并列的一大群无叶绿素、依靠细胞表面吸收有机养料、细胞壁一般含有几丁质的真核微生物。一般包括真菌、粘菌和假菌(卵菌等)3类。;真菌是最重要的真核微生物,故是本章的重点,它们的特点是:
①无叶绿素,不能进行光合作用;
②一般具有发达的菌丝体;
③细胞壁多数含几丁质;
④营养方式为异养吸收型;
⑤以产生大量无性和(或)有性孢子的方式进行繁殖;
⑥陆生性较强;Fungi are filamentous, non-photosynthetic, eukaryotic microorganisms that have a heterotrophic nutrition . Their basic cellular unit is described as a hypha . This is a tubular cell which is surrounded by a rigid, chitin-containing cell wall. The hypha extends by tip growth, and multiplies by branching, creating a fine network called a mycelium. Hyphae contain nuclei, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi and membrane-bound vesicles within a plasma-membrane bound cytoplasm . ; The subcellular structures are supported and organized by microtubules and endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasmic contents of the hypha tend to be concentrated towards the growing tip. Older parts of the hypha are heavily vacuolated and may be separated from the younger areas by cross walls called septae. Not all fungi are multicellular, some are unicellular and are termed yeasts. These grow by binary fission or budding, creating new individuals from the parent cell.;Mould (Mold) ;Morphology and structure;membrane;Specialized morphology of vegetative mycelium营养菌丝体的特化形态;1)假根(rhizoid) 是Rhizopus(根霉属)等低等真菌匍匐菌丝与固体基质接触处分化出来的根状结构,具有固着和吸取养料等功能 ;;(4)附着胞(adhesive cell) 许多寄生于植物的真菌在其芽管或老菌丝顶端会发产 膨大,分泌粘状物,借以牢固地粘附在宿主的表面,此即附着胞。在其上再形成针状感染菌丝,以侵入宿主的角质表皮而吸取养料。
(5)附着枝(adhesive branch) 若干寄生真菌由菌丝细胞生出1—2个细胞的短枝,将菌丝附着于宿主体上,;(6)菌核(sclerotium) 是一种形状、大小不一的休眠菌丝组织,在不良外界条件下:可保存数年生命力。菌核形状有大有小,大的如茯苓(大如小孩头),小的如油菜菌核(形如鼠粪)。菌核的外层色深、坚硬、内层疏松,大多呈白色。
;(7)菌索()一般由伞菌等产生,为白色根状菌丝组织,功能为促进菌体蔓延和抵御不良环境。通常可在腐朽的树皮下和地下发现。
(8)菌环(loop )和菌网( net) 捕虫菌目(zoopasdes)和一些半知菌的菌丝常会分化成圈环或网状的特化菌丝组织,用以捕捉线虫或其他微小动物,然后进一步从这类环或网上生出菌丝侵入线虫等体内,吸收养料
;(9)子实体(fruiting body,sporocarp, fructification);Colonial growth;;Life cycles All fungi
原创力文档

文档评论(0)