低照度CCD驱动及信号数字化电路的设计与实现-光电信息工程专业论文.docx

华 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I I 摘 要 近年来电荷耦合器件(CCD)及相关的应用技术取得的很大的进展，以 CCD 为核心 的数字相机集光学、电子学、精密机械与计算机技术为一体。与传统相机比，CCD 相 机具有灵敏度高、体积小、使用方便等优点，被广泛地应用于民用、商用和军事等各 个领域中。特别是在对成像有较高质量要求或需要在特殊环境下成像的科学研究中， 低照度的 CCD 数字相机就显得至关重要。 本文在分析了 CCD 的工作原理和面阵 CCD 种类的基础上，结合课题需求，提出 了设计要求，进行了低照度 CCD 数字相机驱动及信号数字化电路的设计。该相机主 要分为 CCD 外围电路、时序产生电路、驱动电路和 A/D 转换几个部分。通过 CCD 的 参数对比，结合设计需求，选用了行间转移式 CCD 芯片 FTT1410TG。为了设计简单， 调试方便，采用 CPLD 为 CCD 提供时序信号。驱动电路分为垂直信号驱动和水平信 号驱动两部分，分别采用了专用的 CCD 驱动芯片，降低了设计的难度，提高了信号 的准确度。A/D 转换部分采用了具有相关双采样、可控增益、光学黑体钳位等功能的 芯片，该芯片具有 12bit 的精度，提高了成像质量。 该相机通过 USB 将图像传输到电脑上，在电脑上实时显示。经过调试，该相机可 以在低照度的环境下清晰成像，满足了设计的各项指标。 关键词：电荷耦合器件 可编程逻辑阵列 驱动电路 模数转换 II II Abstract Charge Coupled Device and its applied technology have evolved a lot during the recent years. CCD camera is a product combing optics、electronics、precision mechanics and computer technology together. Compared with traditional cameras, CCD camera is widely used in many areas for its high sensitivity、small size、convenience to use, like in civil use、 commercial use、military use and so on. Low illuminance CCD camera seems especially important when imaging in high-quality-required or other special environment. The paper introduces the operating principle of CCD and classification for surface-arrayed CCD. According to our design requirement, we have fulfilled the electronic design of low illuminance CCD digital camera. The camera is mainly composed with CCD peripheral circuit、time series generating circuit、driving circuit and A/D transition part. Our design uses frame transferring CCD chip numbered FTT1410TG for our design requirement. To make our design easy to debug, the time series signal is offered by CPLD. The driving circuit has the vertical signal driving part and the horizontal signal driving part, which are respectively designed with specialized CCD driving chip to improve the accuracy of signal and to reduce the design difficulty. The A/D chip consists of a correlated double sampler, a digitally controlled variable gain am