低温冷却循环器单级压缩分凝制冷系统的理论分析及试验研究-制冷及低温工程专业论文.docx

摘 要 低温和超低温的实验与冷藏对许多行业已成为必不可少的手段和方法，这类用途通 常需要的工作温度在-40℃~-160℃之间。本文针对-100℃低温实验用设备的需求，对低 温冷却循环器的制冷系统进行了研究，使用单级压缩分凝制冷系统可使低温冷却循环器 体积减小、重量减轻。 以单级压缩单级分凝制冷系统为例介绍了循环原理；提出使用组合换热器替代多个 冷凝蒸发器和回热器，提高了系统的可靠性；综合制冷剂的选取原则，选取了环保型用 非共沸混合工质 R134a、R23 和 R14；通过经典复叠制冷系统计算了混合工质的配比； 比较了工质热力性质的计算方法，最终选用 NIST REFPROP 6.01 软件进行计算，在此基 础上对系统各部件选型或设计的计算，包括压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发盘管、毛细管、组合 换热器和其它辅助部件等。 通过不断调试，最终使 5L 的低温冷却循环器获得-100℃左右的低温，在不同的环 境温度下对其进行试验，得到了不同环境温度的槽体内载冷剂的降温曲线、各级毛细管 节流后的降温曲线、吸排气压力的变化情况；改变电加热器的加热量，得到不同环境温 度下不同制冷温度的制冷量。对试验结果分析与讨论，得出一些重要结论，找出存在的 不足之处，并提出了进一步的研究方向。 关键词：低温冷却循环器 单级压缩 分凝 非共沸混合工质 试验研究 ABSTRACT Low and ultra-low temperature experiment and cold store has been an absolutely necessarily means to many industry. These applications commonly required -40oC ~ -160oC working temperature. The paper studied refrigeration system of low temperature cooling circulator aimed at -100oC low temperature experimental equipment. The volume and weight of low temperature cooling circulator can be lessened with the single stage compress segregating refrigeration system. Taking single stage compress one-stage compress segregating system for example, the circulating principles are analyzed. Using assembled heat exchanger in place of several condensing-evaporators and heat regenerators are put forward in order to improve the reliability of system. Summarized the selection principle of mixtures and choose non-azeotrope mixed refrigerant R134a, R23 and R14. Calculated the composition of mixed refrigerants by calculating typical cascade refrigeration system. NIST REFPROP 6.01 procedure is used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of mixed refrigerants by comparing three methods; selection and design are calculated of each part of the system on the base of the analysis, included compressor, condenser, evaporator, capillary tubes, assembled heat exchanger and other assistant parts. The low temperature cooling circulator of 5 liter obtained low temperature around -100oC by the debug in succession. Some experiments o