2010 American Literature 5英文资料.ppt

2010 American Literature 5Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism and Emerson The main points Early romantic writers Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson  Individualism and American Literature Pragmatic Individualism (Benjamin Franklin’s The Autobiography) Romantic Individualism (short stories of James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving) Transcendental Individualism (Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau) American Literature Root and Flower by Annette T. Rubinstein I. Early romantic writers: Washington Irving (1783-1859) Short stories: Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleep Hollow His colorful legends of the Hudson River Valley helped awaken Americans to an appreciation of their nation and its native literature. Touching the American imagination and foreshadowed the coming of Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe. Founding a whole new spirit of nationalism in American feeling and art and letters. James Fenimore Cooper ( 1789-1851) Leatherstocking Tales Showing fictional version of the American national experience of adventure into the wilderness of the frontier in the West. The first writer of power to realize that a new literature must be created from the inside out, from the feeling to the form. II. Transcendentalism: I. The Transcendental Club Two major activities. - Between 1840 and 1844, publishing sixteen issues of The Dial, a quarterly. - Establishing Brook Farm in 1841, a utopian community, supposing to be better enabled towards self-realization. 2. Transcendentalism as a philosophy A way of knowing (or epistemology); Individuals can intuitively receive higher truths. The visible world, if intuited with imagination, offers endless clues about the invisible world whose truth stand eternally behind the factual world perceived by the senses. For literature -- an emphasis on symbolic representation. Nature --- morally good, proving God’s presence everywhere in his crea