智能建筑系统过去,现在,未来外文翻译.docVIP

智能建筑系统 过去，现在,未来外文翻译 外文文献： Intelligent Building Systems — Past，Present, and Future I. INTRODUCTION Imagine appliances and HVACR equipment that self-diagnose problems and automatically provide information to service providers so that parts can be ordered and service scheduled. Imagine various building systems that can automatically coordinate themselves to optimize energy efficiency and limit energy demand in response to utility rates and incentives, weather forecasts，and warnings/alerts. Imagine devices that provide adaptable interfaces for elderly with limited hearing and also make information available throughout the building and remotely accessible from a variety of interfaces，such as a personal computer，PDA(personal data assistant)， television，or display on any other appliance. The notion of intelligent buildings received a lot of press in the 1980，s after the advent of computerized control for buildings and yet reality has fallen well short of this vision. In fact， energy management and control systems (EMCS) for buildings have been underutilized except for very large facilities. Only about 10% of the 4,650,000 commercial buildings in the U.S. have an EMCS (EIA，1999). Figure 1 shows that the probability of having an EMCS increases dramatically with building size. Overall，EMCS serve about 33% of the approximately 67 billion ft2 of commercial floor space. However，this statistic exaggerates the impacts that EMCS have had on buildings. Surveys of building operators suggest that only a fraction of possible EMCS functionality is utilized leading to higher operating costs than would have been expected for use of these systems (Gordon and Haasl，1996; Lowry, 2002). %%%%%%%%%%%009080706050403020100 1sowULIce q.t?M s6.EPHnODloQ62ua3Jadoooso二 Boooot o 5S08 s5502080S %%%%%%%%%%% 009080706050403020100 1 sowULIce q.t?M s6.EPHnODloQ62ua3Jad oooso二 B oooot o 5S 08 s 5502 080S ouoos 0000? 2 SO S oooos ol 50 8k ooo oos olooooeM ioooos Building Size [ft2] Fig. 1. EMCS Installation