声学基础课件（许肖梅）fudamentalsof acoustics 07-10.pptVIP

* Harmonic Plane Wave Traveling in One Medium If all the acoustic variables are functions of only one spatial coordinate, the phase of any variable is a constant on any plane , such a wave is called a plane wave. The simplest solutions to the wave equation (3-4) are those that depend on only one of the three spatial coordinates. We may as well call that one x. the equation (3-4) reduces to follow equation The solution of the wave equation We already know the nature of its solutions We introduce two new variable quantities : The sum of these two functions is the complete general solution of the wave equation. The function f1(t-x/c0) represents a wave traveling in the right at a constant speed c0 Similarly ,f2(t+x/c0) represents a wave moving in the –x direction with speed c0. The complex form of the harmonic solution for the acoustic pressure of a plane wave is : Where the wave number k is defined by A1,A2 are two arbitrary constants. Where the amplitudes pm is a constant, it does not change with the distance. If there is not reflected waves, A2=0, so we obtain : The Relationship Between The Velocity and Pressure From the equation of motion Displacement is The Acoustic Impedance and The Characteristic Impedance of The Medium The ratio of acoustic pressure in a medium to the associated particle speed is the acoustic impedance : For plane waves this ratio is : Although the acoustic impedance of the medium is a real quantity for plane wave, this is not true for standing plane waves or for diverging wave. In general, Za will be found to be complex Where ra is called the acoustic resistance and xa the acoustic reactance of the medium for the particular wave being considered. The MKS unit of acoustic impedance is Pa.s/m The product Often has grater significance as a characteristic property of the medium than does either p0 or c0 individually. For this reason, is called the characteristic impedance of the medium. At a temperature of 200c and atm