钢结构抗火设计研究-建筑与土木工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 钢结构因具有强度高、重量轻、韧性好、施工速度快等优点，被广泛应用 于建筑结构中，但是耐火性能差是钢结构的一个致命弱点。温度为400。C时，钢 材的屈服强度将降至室温下强度的一半，温度达到600。C时，钢材基本丧失了强 度和刚度。所以对钢结构防火、抗火问题进行研究具有十分重要的理论意义和 社会意义。 本文首先阐述了基于试验的构件抗火设计方法和基于计算的构件抗火设计 方法。基于试验的构件抗火设计方法以试验数据为依据，确定在采取不同防火 措施后构件的耐火时间，进行结构抗火设计时，可根据构件的耐火时间要求， 直接选取对应的防火保护措施。基于试验的构件抗火设计方法简单、直观，应 用方便，但是无法考虑荷载的分布、大小及构件的端部约束状态对构件耐火时 间的影响。基于计算的构件抗火设计方法以有限元为主要理论依据，基本建立 了能考虑任意荷载方式和端部约束状态影响的钢结构抗火设计方法，与结构的 实际受力情况更相符。 在研究了钢结构两种抗火设计方法的基础上，采用基于计算的构件抗火设 计方法，对一钢框架结构的实际工程进行了抗火设计。 最后得到如下结论：采用基于计算的抗火设计方法，可以对钢结构的保护 层厚度进行反复的试算，直至找到最经济的保护层厚度，相对于基于试验的构 件抗火设计方法更经济、更简便。 关键词：钢结构；基于试验的抗火设计方法；基于计算的抗火设计方法；耐火 时间 ABSTRACTThe ABSTRACT The steel structures are widely used in modem building structures due to its advantage properties such as high strength，light weight and SO on．However，the poor fire-resistant ability is also the weakness of the steel structures，in which its yield strength，when the temperature is up tO 400。C，would decrease the half of the yield strength at the normal temperature，and the steel will lost most of its strength and rigidity when the temperature up to 600。C．Therefore，it is very important in the theory and practice tO study the problem of fire resistance and fire protection of the steel structures． In the paper,the test-based and calculation—based fire resistance design methods of the steel specimensre stated firstly。The test-based fire resistance design method of the steel specimens is based on a lot of test data，in which the fire-resistant time may be determined according to different fire protection measures and the fire protection measures in the structural fire design Can be chosen directly according to the fire—resistant time of the steel specimens．Though the test—based fire resistance design method is simplified and visualized，the influence of the magnitude and distribution of loads and the end restriction conditions of the steel specimens on its fire—resistant time cannot be considered．The calculation-based fire resistance design method of the steel specimens is bas