汉译英：句子基本译法述和段落篇章的翻译方法.pptVIP

第三，从主语变换处合译，常出现主从句 例如： 萧丽帮我拿起电报，她的手在微微颤动着。 Xiao Li helped me to pick up the telegram，her hands slightly trembling. 八、语态转换法 遵循汉、英两种语言的表达习惯，为使行文通顺、连贯，需改变原文的语态。例如： 请全系教师和干部于星期三下午二时在会议室集合听报告。 All teachers and cadres of the Department are requested to meet in the conference room at 2:00 p.m. on Wednesday to hear a speech. 九、注意选词 译者切忌望文生义、硬译、死译。例如： A．别泡蘑菇了，快干活吧。 Don’t waste time．Mind your own work． B．泡好蘑菇，中午用。 Steep the mushroom for lunch． Translation of the Natural Paragraph The sentence: the biggest unit of grammatical study, the paragraph: a much bigger (second only to the text/discourse) independent semantic unit that is complete in meaning. Features of a natural paragraph 1、Cohesive衔接、粘连（结构上的粘着性） 2、Coherent连贯（意义上的连贯性） Comparison between Chinese and English paragraphs 1. Similarities----语篇功能（textual functions）: In both English and Chinese, some paragraphs are independent and complete while some others are relevant. In a paragraph, relations among the sentences can be general and particular, be progressive, be contrasting, be matching. 2. Differences----段落构成方式（pattern） English: （1）主题句---阐述句---总结句 （2）以某个中心统领的形散神不散结构 Chinese： 虽有主题句---阐述句---总结句结构，通常都围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思想，表述方式多是迂回式的、流散式的，重意合(parataxis)轻形合（hypotaxis）。 Walking through the woods with two toddlers is an experience in observation. Each insect along the path is noted for size, shape, sound, and means of mobility. Texture of the path itself is important to the small people who are very close to it. Animal holes and ant hills are of great interest, and are thoroughly investigated. Ducks in the pond are greeted as old friends, and their variously colored feathers are catalogued. Nature is a most interesting view from close to the ground. The first sentence is the topic sentence, the following sentences are illustrated ones, and the last sentence is the conclusion sentence. 语言学家周祖谟教授最讲究这样去广积学问，他曾经对学生们说，治学要有根基，要有一般的基本知识与专科的基本知识。先读基础书，然后兼及其他。而且，要读全部，不能止于选本。要这样做，自然得有决心和毅力，在这点上，著名词学家夏承焘先生有一席恳切