英美文学期末复习资料所有作家作品流派总结.pdfVIP

一、文学术语*4 1.Epic叙事诗，史诗 Alongnarrativepoemtelling aboutthedeedsof agreathero andreflectingthevaluesofthe society fromwhich it originated. Many epicsweredrawn from an oraltradition andweretransmittedby songandrecitationbeforetheywerewritten down.Two ofthemost famousepicsofWestern civilization areHomer sIliad and Odyssey.Thegreat epicoftheMiddleAgesis TheDivine Comedy （神曲）by theItalian poetDante.Thetwomost famousEnglish epicsaretheAnglo-Saxon BeowulfandJohn Milton s ParadiseLost,which employ some oftheconventionsoftheclassical epic. 2.Naturalism 自然主义 （文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨） Naturalism isaterm ofliterary history,primarily aFrench movement inprosefiction andthedramaduringthefinalthird ofthe 19th century,although it isalso appliedto similarmovementsor groupsofwritersin other countriesin thelater decadesof the 19th andearlyyearsofthe20th cents.In FranceEmileZola (1840-1902)wasthedominantpractitioner(习艺者，专业人员) ofNaturalism inprose fiction andthechiefexponent （鼓吹者，倡导者，拥护者；能手，大师） ofitsdoctrines. TheemergenceofNaturalism doesnotmark aradical （彻底的） breakwith Realism,ratherthenew style isalogical extension ofit.Broadly speaking,Naturalism ischaracterizedby arefusaltoidealizeexperienceandby thepersuasionthat human lifeisstrictly subjectedtonaturallaws.TheNaturalists sharedwith theearlier Realiststheconviction that theeveryday lifeofthemiddle andlower classesoftheir own dayprovided subjectsworthy of seriousliterary treatment.Emphasiswaslaid on theinfluenceofthematerial andeconomic environment onbehavior,andon thedetermining effectsofphysical andhereditary factorsin formingtheindividualtemperament.FamousAmericanNaturalisticwriterswouldincludeJackLondon, Stephen Crane andFrankNorris,whoweredeeply influencedby CharlesDarwinsevolution theorywhichbelievethat onesheredity and social situation limit onescharacter. 3.Modernism 现代派 （盛行于20世纪的文学风格） Modernismwasacomplex anddiverseinternationalmovement in allthecreative arts,originating abouttheendofthe 19th