sx008-下小脑 间脑.pptVIP

Internal structures ★ 2. Classification of nuclei of thalamus Three nuclear group－divided by a y-shaped internal medullary lamina (内髓板): 1)前核群 Anterior nuclear group is enclosed by a bifurcation of lamina; 2)内侧核群 Medial nuclear group contains large dorsomedial nucleus; 3)外侧核群 Lateral nuclear group consists of ventral and dorsal tiers of nuclei ★ 3. Functional subdivision 1)非特异性中继核团 Nonspecific relay nuclei (古丘脑) receive afferents from rhinencephalon (嗅脑) and reticular formation of brain stem, project mainly to hypothalamus and corpus striatum. This group includes ⑴中线核和板内核群 Midline and Intralaminar nuclear group, ⑵网状核 Thalamic reticular nucleus. 2)联络核团 Association nuclei (新丘脑) receive input from many converging sour sand in turn project widely to association areas of cerebral cortex. This group includes Anterior nuclear group (前核), Medial nuclear group (内侧核) and Dorsal tier of lateral nuclear group (外侧核背侧组) 3)特异性中继核团Special relay nuclei (旧丘脑) ⑴腹前核 Vent. anterior nucleus (VA) and ⑵腹中间核 Vent. intermediate nucleus (VI) → receiving dentate nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra to motor cortex. ⑶腹后内侧核 Vent. posteromedial nucleus (VPM) → receives trigeminal lemniscus (三叉丘系) and teste fibers (孤束核味觉纤维). ⑷腹后外侧核Vent. posterolateral nucleus (VPL) → receives medial lemniscus (内侧丘系) and spinal lemniscus (脊髓丘系) → Projects to first somatic sensory area via central thalamic radiation. Med. nuclear group Ant. nuclear group Dorsal tier Internal medullary lamina Ventral anterior Ventral intermediate Ventral posterolateral (VPL) Ventral posteromedial (VPM ) Pulvinar(枕) Medial geniculate body (MGN) Lateral geniculate body (LGN) Ventral posterior nucleus (VP) VPM Ventral posteromedial VPL Ventral posterolateral VP Ventral posterior VI Ventral intermediate VA Ventral anterior Ventral tier Pulvinar LP Lateral posterior LD Lateral dorsal Dorsal tier Lat. nuclear group Med. nuclear group Ant. nuclear group Common abbreviation Princ