基于SPM的脑功能磁共振数据处理技术-生物医学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 作为一门实验科学，脑的研究在很大程度上有赖于各种研究手段的发展与完善。 成像技术是脑科学研究中最有效的实验手段，它可以直观的展示对大脑功能的相关测 量。而图像分析技术则通过相应的统计处理，从原始图像中提炼出揭示大脑功能机制 的有效信息，以助于我们建立精确的功能模型，探索大脑深层奥秘。 本文以脑功能磁共振图像分析的方法研究及应用为核心内容。首先对 fMRI 的发 展及原理等背景知识予以了简要介绍；其次主要围绕脑功能磁共振成像的实验设计以 及如何用现在国际上流行的脑功能成像数据处理软件 SPM 对数据进行处理与分析。 着重介绍了脑功能磁共振数据处理过程中各种方法的数学原理和理论基础，包括图像 的预处理（校正、配准、空间标准化、平滑）和统计分析；接着对 SPM 软件的具体 操作步骤进行了详细介绍，每一步所选参数和参数的意义也深入的进行了探讨；最后 将 SPM 方法应用于各类实验设计下的实际数据处理，分析不同实验设计模式下狗胃 电刺激的脑激活图，研究胃电刺激的中枢机制及在脑区的反映，实验结果表明胃电刺 激效应主要在前额叶，顶叶和枕叶区域。 SPM 是基于模型驱动的统计分析方法，可以对时间参数已明确知道的任务设计的 实验数据进行分析，在脑功能图像处理方面具有重要的临床应用价值。 关键词：功能磁共振成像；图像处理；统计参数映射；胃电刺激 ABSTRACT As an experimental science, brain research depends on the development and improvement of means to a large extent. As the most effective instrument for brain research, imaging techniques can provide visible measures of brain function. Through appropriate statistical processing, some information of interest revealing the essence of brain function can be extracted from original images. Recurring to these techniques of neuroimage analysis, an appropriate model of brain depicting its function can be constructed, which helps us to make further exploration. This paper is mainly about the methodology and its application of fMRI data analysis. Firstly, the history and mechanism of fMRI technique are briefly introduced as background knowledge. Secondly, followed by the explanation of experimental design and how to use the popular international software SPM to process fMRI data, the paper takes emphasis on introducing various methods about mathematical principles and theoretical foundation in fMRI data processing, including preprocessing(realignment, coregistation, spatial normalization and smoothing) and statistical analysis of the image; Thirdly, the specific steps of SPM software, the selected parameters and significance of the parameters in every step were discussed in-depth; Lastly, SPM method is applied to several brain data acquired from different experimental designs. We analyzed the brain acti