基于SPIN的协议的形式化分析和验证-计算机应用技术专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 WAP 事务协议(WTP)作为 WAP 协议体系结构中的一个重要部分，向会话层 提供基于请求响应的分布式事务服务。由于 WAP 论坛将 WAP 协议规范以自然 语言的形式发布，这样的好处是可读性好，便于直观上去理解。但是，要保证协 议实现的一致、完整和正确就必须使用一种形式化的工具进行描述和验证，这样 才能避免自然语言的二义性导致实现上的不一致。 本文基于模型检测工具 SPIN，对 WTP 事务层协议做形式化地分析和验证。 首先对此协议从行为属性和安全性两方面进行抽象。包括对协议主体建立状 态和状态转移描述；然后对协议采用 PROMELA 语言建立模型。协议的安全属 性描述采用 LTL 逻辑公式。 其次运用 SPIN 对协议的模型进行行为模拟，对 LTL 描述的协议属性进行正 确性及安全性验证。在验证和模拟的过程中，随时根据模型的状态数目和系统的 消耗调整抽象模型的结构和行为。对协议中不满足属性的验证结果进行分析和改 进。 最后，将分析和验证结果和其他安全协议的验证方法比较，总结现有工作和 尚需完善的工作。 关键词:协议工程; 形式化方法; 模型检测; 自动机; SPIN; PROMELA Abstracts The Transaction layer,as an important part in WAP,defines a protocol to support distributed transactions where an Initiator makes a request to a Responder,which returns therequested information.As the specification of WAP protocol was written in natural language,theadvantage of doing it in this way is well readable and easy to understand.However,to guaranteethe correctness and conformance of protocol implementation,a formal technique must be used toavoid the ambiguity of natural language. Based on the model checker SPIN ,this report presents a formal methodology of formalizing and verifying the Transaction Layer Protocol (WTP) design in the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) architecture. ，this paper is analysis and verify the protocol First we abstract the protocol from two aspects: the behaviors and the correct properties. The protocols behavior abstraction includes the definitions of actions, states and the events the protocol takes when the states translate. Second, we use the PROMELA language to establish the verification (valid) model .We use the model to simulate the behavior of the protocol and to verify the correct properties the protocol should establishes. SPIN provides several form to specify the correct properties, such as the assert states and LTL formula. The properties or the parameter we choose may not adapt to the model, so we need to change the models behavior or the verification parameter. Finally, we compare the result with