城市公园鸟类群落多样性与复杂性初探 以北京地坛公园为.PDFVIP

安徽农业大学学报, 2016, 43(6): 989-995 Journal of Anhui Agricultural University [DOI] 10.13610/ki.1672-352x001 网络出版时间：2016/12/6 16:31:00 [URL] /kcms/detail/34.1162.S1631.002.html 城市公园鸟类群落多样性与复杂性初探 —— 以北京地坛公园为例 贾丽丽，陈卓琳，关文彬* (北京林业大学自然保护区学院，北京 100083) 摘 要：2013 年 1 月至 2015 年 3 月采用样线法在北京地坛公园调查鸟类 27 次，利用多样性和复杂性指数研 究了鸟类群落结构，探讨了群落多样性和复杂性随月份变化的规律，并分析了复杂性和多样性的相关性及影响因素， 结果如下：（1）鸟类共计 7 目20 科 43 种，优势种 8 种。群落丰富度在春季或秋季迁徙季节达到峰值。（2 ）总复杂 性、无序复杂性和香农-维纳指数随月份变化趋势大致相同，春夏较高，秋冬较低，结构复杂性则不同，春秋季较 高，盛夏和冬季最低。（3）群落总复杂性、无序复杂性以及香农-维纳指数随均匀度和丰富度的增加而增加，随优 势度的增加而降低。结构复杂性与丰富度呈极显著相关（R=0.834, P0.01 ），丰富度越高，结构复杂性越高；优势 度越高，结构复杂性越低。（4 ）香农-维纳指数与总复杂性相关性接近 1 （R=0.993, P0.01 ），说明总复杂性受香农- 维纳指数影响很大。（5）结构复杂性和无序复杂性无明显相关（R=0.180, P=0.400 ），不能用无序复杂性测度结构复 杂性。 关键词：结构复杂性；多样性；鸟类群落；地坛公园 中图分类号：Q958 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672352X (2016)06098907 The diversity and complexity of the bird community in city park ——A case study of Ditan Park in Beijing JIA Lili, CHEN Zhuolin, GUAN Wenbin (College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083) Abstract: From Jan. 2013 to Mar. 2015, 27 surveys were conducted at Ditan Park in Beijing with line transect method. The diversity index and Huffman coding were adopted to analyze the bird community structure, the monthly variation of diversity and complexity, the relationship between diversity and complexity and the influence factors. The result shows that: (1) A total of 43 species from 20 families and 7 orders were recorded in Ditan Park, among which 8 were dominant birds. The richness of the bird community reached the highest in spring or autumn. (2) The total complexity, disorder complexity and the Shan