化工原理精馏(英文).pptVIP

---principles of chemical engineering The introduction of Distillation Application separating, purifying or recovering the useful components ( the homogeneous liquid mixtures or vaporizing gas mixture). Characteristic (1) Getting the products directly and operating process easily. (2) The wide application. (3) Be suitable to mixtures with all concentrations. (4) Costing lots of energy in the operation. Category (1)The operation manner 简单蒸馏、平衡蒸馏（闪蒸）、精馏和特殊精馏 (2)The process manner Batch(间歇) distillation,Continuous(连续) distillation (3)The number of components in the system Bicomponent, multi-component (4)The operation pressure High-pressure, Atmospheric, Reduced distillation 1.1 The equilibrium relationship between gas and liquid 1.1.1 The ideal system (a) The liquid is ideal solution, following Raoult`s law （拉乌尔定律）. (b) The gas is ideal gas, following Dalton‘s law（道尔顿 定律）. (1) Phase rule（相律） F=C-Ф+2 where F:the freedom （自由度数） , Ф: the number of the phase（相数） and C: the number of the independent component （独立组分数）. 4 variables,2equations,only two truly independent (2) Bubble point equation（泡点方程） (3) Dew point equation （露点方程） (4) The equilibrium equation（相平衡方程） phase equilibrium constant (5)The equilibrium phase chart Temperature—constitution (t-x-y) 1.1.2 non-ideal system Positive deviation system(Alcohol-water ) Negative deviation system(Nitric acid-water ) For the non-ideal solution, the equilibrium partial pressure can be shown: （γ: activity efficiency of the component 活度系数） When the total pressure is not high, the gas is the ideal gas, the equilibrium constitution of gas is if then 1.1.3 Volatility and relative volatility Volatility shows the hardship of the volatility of the components. Purified liquid (A) or ideal solution The mixture Specification: (1) If α 1, it shows component A is more volatile than the component B, the bigger deviation o