Part-VI英国文学.pptVIP

Part VI;Major writers of the Victorian period;Coventry Patmore (1823–96) Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882) John Ruskin (1819–1900) George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894) Bram Stoker (1847–1912) Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) Alfred Tennyson (Lord) (1809–1892) Anthony Trollope (1815–82) William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–1863) H.G. Wells (1866–1946) Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) William Butler Yeats (1865–1939);Victorian Historical Background;1. 1832-1848, the first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers. 2. The Whig Party, which represented the interests of the industrial capitalists and businessmen, came into power. 3. The Chartist movement in 1845, the capitalists not take responsibility for the poverty of the working class– workers launched large scale demonstrations. ;4. The heyday of the Victorian Age: the country enjoyed two decades of peace and prosperity—by 1848, England produced one half of the world’s pig iron. 5. By the early 70s,England become the workshop of the world and the worlds banker ---- it was a period of complacency, stability’and optimism. 6. By 1890, England coninued to grow in strengh. The British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all territory on the surface of the earth—the empire on which the sun never sets. ---- a period of serenity and security.curity. 7. The fierce competition of newly risen rivals, Germany, The Us, Japan and Russia. Economic crisis continued to hit the country. ;;Ideology;Utilitarianism is a pragmatic philosophy which comes from the empirical tradition of the previous centuries represented by John Locke. It is an ethical framework for effective moral action. Fundamentally, it is based quantifying good in terms of utility and attempting to maximize that quantity. Utility is often defined